Cells and Microscopy 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyCells and MicroscopyGCSEOCR Created by: munchlee2002Created on: 07-09-17 16:31 What are eukaryotes made from? Complex cells called eukaryotic cells 1 of 38 What are two examples of eukaryotes? Animals and plants 2 of 38 What are prokaryotes made from? Simple cells called prokaryotic cells 3 of 38 What is an example of a prokaryote? Bacteria 4 of 38 What is a sub-cellular structure? Parts of cells that each have a specific function 5 of 38 Which sub-cellular structures does an animal cell contain? Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell membrane and Ribosomes 6 of 38 What does the Nucleus contain? Contains DNA (genetic material) in the form of chromosomes that controls the cells activities 7 of 38 What happens in the cytoplasm? The cell’s chemical reactions 8 of 38 What happens in the mitochondria? The site of cellular respiration 9 of 38 What does mitochondria contain? Enzymes 10 of 38 Why does mitochondria contain enzymes? They are needed for the reaction respiration to happen. 11 of 38 What is the function of the cell membrane? Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out by providing a selective barrier 12 of 38 What does the cell membrane contain? Receptor cells that are used for cell communication e.g. hormones 13 of 38 Which sub-cellular structures does a plant cell contain? Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplast 14 of 38 What is the cell wall made from? Cellulose 15 of 38 What is the function of the cell wall? Gives support for the cell 16 of 38 What is the function of chloroplasts? Where photosynthesis occurs 17 of 38 What does chloroplast contain? A green substance called chlorophyll 18 of 38 Which sub-cellular structures does a prokaryotic cell contain? Chromosomal DNA, plasmids and cell membrane 19 of 38 What is chromosomal DNA? One long circular chromosome 20 of 38 What is the function of chromosomal DNA? Controls the cell's activities and replication 21 of 38 Where would you find chromosomal DNA in a prokaryotic cell? Floats freely in the cytoplasm 22 of 38 What are plasmids? Small loops of DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome 23 of 38 What do plasmids contain? Genes for things like drug resistance, and can be passed between bacteria 24 of 38 Why do microscopes use lenses? To magnify images 25 of 38 What do microscope lenses increase? The resolution of the image 26 of 38 What is resolution? How well a microscope distinguishes between two points that are close together 27 of 38 When were light microscopes invented? In the 1590s 28 of 38 What are two examples of what light microscopes let us see? Nuclei and chloroplasts 29 of 38 When were electron microscopes invented? In the 1930s 30 of 38 What do electron microscopes let us see? Smaller things in more detail 31 of 38 What is an example of what an electron microscope lets us see? The internal structure of mitochondria 32 of 38 What are examples that you can see only when using an electron microscope? Plasmids or viruses 33 of 38 How do electron microscopes help us improve our understanding of sub-cellular structures? Because we are able to see the internal structures of the sub-cellular structures 34 of 38 What is an advantage of a transmission electron microscope (TEMs)? They have a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes 35 of 38 What is a disadvantage of a transmission electron microscope (TEMs)? they're not portable, they're expensive and it's a complicated process to prepare specimens for use 36 of 38 What can’t transmission electron microscope be used to look at? Living tissue 37 of 38 Give two functions of the cell membrane in an animal cell? Provides a selective barrier to controls what goes in and out of the cell. Contains receptor molecules that are used for cell communication 38 of 38
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