Cell structure and transport

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what do animal cells contain?
nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria,
ribosomes, cytoplasm
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what do plant cells contain?
nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria,
ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts
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what does the nucleus do?
controls the cell,
contains genetic information,
tells cell what protein to make
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what does cytoplasm do?
it fills the space in cell where chemical reaction happens
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what does mitochondria do?
energy is released from glucose from food,
where respiration happens
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what do ribosomes do?
they make protein
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what does the cell membrane do?
controls what comes in and out of cell,
(protects it)
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what does the cell wall do?
supports the cell
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what does the vacuole do?
lets water in and out
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what do chloroplasts do?
absorb light energy,
where photosynthesis happens
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magnification equation
image size/actual size
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similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
both contain cell membrane, cytoplasm

contain DNA (chromosomes)
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differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic are bigger,
eukaryotic has a nucleus where genetic info is stored,
prokaryotic store genetic info in the cytoplasm,
prokaryotic have rings of DNA (plasmids)
prokaryotic have slime capsules and flagella
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what is diffusion?
the net movement of particles in a gas or a solution from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until equilibrium is reached
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how does diffusion happen faster?
if temperature is higher,
surface area is larger,
bigger concentration gradient
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what is osmosis?
a special type of diffusion of water describing the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute to concentrated until equilibrium is reached.
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how does osmosis move?
high conc of water - low conc of water
low conc of solute - high conc of solute
dilute - concentrated
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what is an isotonic solution?
solution with the same concentration of solutes as the inside of the cell
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what is a hypotonic solution?
solution with a lower concentration of solutes then the inside of cell
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what is an hypertonic solution?
solution with higher concentration of solutes then the inside of the cell
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what does turgid mean?
turgid pressure makes cells rigid, which keeps the steam and leaves firm
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what does flaccid mean?
flaccid cells are cells that are soft.
the occur when the solution surrounding the cell is hypertonic to all contents so water leaves the cell
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what does plasmolysis mean?
plasmolysis is when the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink so the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall because too much water has been lost by osmosis.
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what is active transport?
active transport allows cells to move substances from an area of low concentration to high concentration, completely against the concentration gradient
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what does active transport make possible?
it makes it possible to absorb ions and sugars from dilute solution into cells through the membrane
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ANIMAL
neurones (nerves)
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cytoplasm
sends impulses around the body

long and thin
branched to form connections with other nerves
myelin sheath for insulation
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red blood cells
cytoplasm, cell membrane
carry oxygen

large surface area
small diameter
no nucleus
contains haemoglobin
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muscle cells
cytoplasm, cell membrane
contract and relax to move

contain many mitochondria
elongated
can contract
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sperm cells
nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria
moves toward the egg and fuses with it

large nucleus
long tail
many mitochondria - to get energy
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fat cells
nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria
stores fat

little cytoplasm
can expand up to 1000x
few mitochondria
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ciliated epithelial cells
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria
takes egg through the fallopian tube

cilia can move to generate currents
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PLANT
phloem cells
carries dissolved food (made by photosynthesis) to rest of the plant

sieve plates between cells
no internal organelles
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xylem cells
carries water from roots to the rest of the cell

form long tubes
walls contain lignin for strength
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root hair cells
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane
absorb water and minerals from the soil

thin membrane
large surface area
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what do plant cells contain?

Back

nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria,
ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts

Card 3

Front

what does the nucleus do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does cytoplasm do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what does mitochondria do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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