Cell Biology - Respiration - Flashcards in National 5 Biology

Created by: amymcconnachie63
Created on: 10-01-18 18:26

What is respiration?

The chemical process in which energy is released from food molecules (usually glucose) in cells.

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What is ATP?

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is an important substance for all living cells. When glucose is broken down, the energy that is released is used to generate ATP.

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Describe glycolysis (the first stage of respiration and fermentation).

This is the breakdown of glucose resulting in the formation of pyruvate. The reaction is controlled by enzyme and takes place in the cytoplasm. 2 Pyruvate molecules are produced at at the same time 2ADP + Pi is turned into 2 ATP.

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Describe the breakdown of pyruvate (the second stage in aerobic respiration) in animals.

When oxygen is present - so in aerobic respiration - pyruvate is broken down into water and carbon dioxide. At the same time 36 ADP + Pi is turned into 36 ATP. This occurs in the mitochondria.

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Describe fermentation - or anaerobic respiration - in animals.

The first stage remains the same. The pyruvate is turned into lactate, but no ATP is created. Once oxygen is present again, the lactate turns back into pyruvate.

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Describe fermentation in plants and yeast.

The first stage of respiration - glycolysis - remains the same. The pyruvate is turned into ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no ATP being produced.

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Where does fermentation occur in plants and yeast?

Both stages of respiration, in plants and yeast, occur in the cytopla

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What cellular activities is ATP used for?

Cell division, muscle contraction, heat, protein synthesis and the transmission of nerve impulses.

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is ATP?

Back

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is an important substance for all living cells. When glucose is broken down, the energy that is released is used to generate ATP.