Cell Biology - Proteins - Flashcards in National 5 Biology

Created by: amymcconnachie63
Created on: 10-01-18 15:10

Explain the basic structure of proteins.

Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. The chains are then folded into shapes which depend on the function of the protein.

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What is an enzyme?

An enzyme is a type of protein. It is a biological catalyst so it speeds up reactions without being used up. Without enzymes reactions in our body wouldn't happen quick enough.

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Explain the importance of enzyme shape.

Enzyme activity is specific, as an enzyme can only work on one reaction. The shape is important as the enzyme and its substrate fit together like a "lock and key".

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What is the active site on an enzyme?

The active site is the place on the surface of the enzyme where it is complementary - fits together - with its substrate.

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What are sythesis and degradation reactions in relation to enzymes?

Synthesis enzyme reactions are where smaller molecules are "built up" to make larger molecules. Degradation reactions are reactions where larger molecules are "broken down" into smaller molecules.

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What does a denatured enzyme mean?

At too high temperarures, an enzyme becomes denatured. This means that it has permanently lost its shape and can no longer work as an enzyme.

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What do anti-bodies to and describe their shape.

Anti-bodies combine with foreign proteins and then mark them to be destroyed by the immune system. They are a globular shape and shaped this way to recognise and bind with the foreign proteins.

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What are the 5 main types of protein?

Structural (for hair/nails), enzymes, hormones (chemical messengers), anti-bodies (work with immune system) and receptors (receive signals).

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

An enzyme is a type of protein. It is a biological catalyst so it speeds up reactions without being used up. Without enzymes reactions in our body wouldn't happen quick enough.