A union between two or more countries for mutual benefit.
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The Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
'Secret' agreement between three countries to protect each other if attacked - Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, formed 1882.
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Encirclement
Germany felt surrounded by France to the east and Russia to the west - worried about a dual threat from them.
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Ethnic groups
Population made up of people who share a common culture/language etc. Austro-Hungarian Empire made up of many different ethnic groups, e.g. Germans, Czechs, Serbs, Slovaks etc.
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Colonies
Country/area under the full or partial political control of another country.
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Imperialism
Extending the rule of a country by building an empire/acquiring colonies.
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Splendid isolation
A country choosing to stand alone/have no involvement in the affairs of other countries. E.g. 1890s Britain was more interested in its empire than Europe.
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Kaiser
'Emperor', title of the ruler of Germany from 1871 to 1918.
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Weltpolitik
Germany's aggressive foreign policy before World War One, intended to increase Germany's influence, have more colonies and a bigger navy.
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Naval race
Competition between Britain and Germany to build the best navy, spent millions building dreadnought ships.
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Two-power standard
British Navy should be twice the size of the next two largest navies combined.
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Balkan Wars
Balkans: unstable area that had been ruled by Turkey. Contained mixed nationalities. Serbia gained land which made Austria-Hungary feel threatened. Austria wanted an excuse to crush Serbia.
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Militarism
The policy of having a strong military (army/navy) and investing money in order to have the best military. (Arms race - competition between nations for most superior military)
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Rearmament
Building up armed forces and arms.
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British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
150.000 highly trained and well-equipped professionals soldiers set up to fight alongside French at short notice.
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Entente Cordiale
Agreement between Britain and France in 1904 designed to improve relations, settling disputes over areas in Africa (Agreed Britain could have Egypt, and France could have Morocco).
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Triple Entente
Agreement between three countries to work together - not a binding alliance, France, Britain and Russia, 1907.
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Nationalism
Devotion and patriotism - loyalty to a country - believe it superior to others. Also based on common traditions/culture.
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Moroccan Crisis
Kaiser aimed to divide Britain/France. Instead they got closer and humiliated the Kaiser at the Algeciras Conference.
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Assassination
The murder of an important person for political/religious reasons.
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July Crisis
23rd July 1914 - Austria sent 10 point ultimatum to Serbia - they only accepted 9 so Austria declared war, which triggered the alliance system.
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Slavic traditions
Shared traditions united countries like Russia, Serbia and Bosnia together. Slavs seen as inferior by Austria.
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Neutrality
Not supporting/helping either side in conflict e.g. Belgium wished to be neutral.
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Schlieffen Plan
German plan to rapidly invade France through Belgium before attacking Russia to avoid fighting a war on two fronts. Drawn up 1905, used in 1914.
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Rivals
Countries competing with each other for a similar goal.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
'Secret' agreement between three countries to protect each other if attacked - Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, formed 1882.
Back
The Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
Card 3
Front
Germany felt surrounded by France to the east and Russia to the west - worried about a dual threat from them.
Back
Card 4
Front
Population made up of people who share a common culture/language etc. Austro-Hungarian Empire made up of many different ethnic groups, e.g. Germans, Czechs, Serbs, Slovaks etc.
Back
Card 5
Front
Country/area under the full or partial political control of another country.
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