DNA ends are first resected 5' to 3' direction by nucleases. 3' ** tails invade DNA double helix of a homologous, undamaged partner and are extended by DNA polymeras. Branch migration is followed by resolving of holliday junctions to give two DNA mol
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what is NHEJ?
two ends are ligated back together with no regard to sequence. nucleotides are lost and this method is prone to error.
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what proteins are inv in NHEJ?
Ku heterodimer and DNA-Pkcs, Xrcc4 and ligase IV, Rad50, Mre11 + Nbs1
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what proteins are inv in HR?
Rad52 and Rad51 prevent nuclease activity. Rad51 interacts directly with Brca2 and indirectly with Brca1.
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what is the role of Brca1?
links DNA damage sensing and DDR effectors. can interact with TSGs, dna repair proteins, cell cycle regulators.
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what is the MRN complex made up of?
Mre11, Rad50 and Nbs1
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what is the role of brca1 in HR?
binds DSBs through assoc with abraxas-RAP80macro complex which assoc with uniq histones at DNA DSBs. It processes DSBs through interaction wth CtIP + MRN complex/ Req for RAD51 recruit through interactions with PALB2 and BRCA2
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what is the role of brca2?
mediates recruit of RAD51 to DSBs and can mediate filament formation of RAD51 at approp sites of ssDNA. Possible 2nd role in protecting replication fork.
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what are the hallmarks of cancer?
evading growth supressors, sustaining prolif signalling, invasion and metastasis, replicative immortality, angiogenesis, resisting cell death
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what are the emerging hallmarks and enabling characteristics?
supplies bioactive molecules incl growth factors, survival factors, proangiogenic factors, ECM modifying enzymes, invasion and metastasis and inductive signal leading to EMT and other hallmark programmes. Also releases ROS --genetic mutations
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what cells are present in the tumour microenvironment?
lymphatic endothelial cells, T cells, B cells, myeloid cells (TAMs, MDSCs, TANs), nk cells, cancer-assoc fibroblasts, vasc endo cells, pericytes, adipocytes + mesenchymal stem cells
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is NHEJ?
Back
two ends are ligated back together with no regard to sequence. nucleotides are lost and this method is prone to error.
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