Lifestyle, Exposure to radiation, carcinogenic chemicals, viruses, and genes
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What is a tumour?
Dense collection of cells, created when the process of cell division becomes out of control. Not all are malignant and not all cancers have tumours.
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How does cancer happen?
When a cell keeps mutating it can can no longer respond to apoptosis or tumour suppression.
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What does a malignant cancer do?
Invades tissues, enters blood vessels to use metastasis to spread.
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What is angiogenesis?
Growing of new blood vessels.
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What is an oncogene?
Genes that when abnormally expressed or mutated contribute to cancer by producing growth factors without any stimulus.
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What is apoptosis?
Ignoring messages of cell death of cell has no receptors or produces survival factors.
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What is the process of angiogenesis ?
Tumour cells release signalling proteins into surrounding tissue which binds to receptors on other cells activating them to make proteins needed for cell replication.
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Diagnostic Methods?
Imaging, Biopsy, Endoscopy, Blood/urine tests.
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What are examples of different imaging?
CT, PET, MRI, X-ray, Ultrasound.
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How does imaging work?
Tumors have different morphology to normal tissue which makes them show up.
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Examples of where imaging is useful?
Diagnosis, locating tumour, staging of cancer, monitoring and screening.
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Prognosis depends on?
Type of cancer, age and general health, and biomarker levels.
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4 reasons we monitor cancer patients?
To see if the treatment is working, determine side effects of treatment, to see if cancer is spreading, if a removed tumour is coming back.
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What are the cancer treatments
Chemo, Radiotherapy, Surgery, Tamoxifen.
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What are palliative drugs?
Alleviation of symptoms.
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What is adjacent therapy?
Attempt to remove microscopic cancer cells after surgery.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a tumour?
Back
Dense collection of cells, created when the process of cell division becomes out of control. Not all are malignant and not all cancers have tumours.
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