C4- CHEMICAL PATTERNS

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What is an element made up of?
Only one type of atom.
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What is Relative mass?
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
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What is a vertical column in the periodic table called?
A group.
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What is the name given for a horizontal row in the Periodic table?
A Period.
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What does group number correspond?
The amount of electrons there are on the outer shell of an atom.
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What does period number correspond?
The amount of shells the certain type of atom has.
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What famous scientist invented the idea of triad within the Periodic table?
Dobereiner- 1817- He realised that elements with similar properties were formed in groups of three.
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What famous scientist suggested that when elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, showed repeating patterns? Creating the law of octaves?
Newlands.
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What famous scientist allowed his periodic table to show similar elements to be grouped together and repreating patterns while also leaving deliberate gaps for new discoveries?- correctly predicting the properties of these elements?
Mendleev
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What is an atom made up of?
A small central nucleus made up of protons and electrons, and shells.
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What charge is a proton?
Positive.
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What charge is an electron?
Negative.
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What charge is a neutron?
Neutral.
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If there are 4 protons in an atom, how many electrons are there?
4
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What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?
1= 0
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What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?
Negligible. (Nearly zero) = -1
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What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?
1= +1
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Atoms of the same element have the same amount of...
protons.
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The atomic number is also...
the number of protons.
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For an atom to have an overall neutral charge there must be..
the same number of electrons as protons.
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What is spectroscopy?
When an element is tested in terms of the light emmited from the flame of the element.
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What is spectroscopy used for?
The discovery of new elements.
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When elements are heated during spectroscopy, what usually happens?
A distinctive colour of light is emmited from the flame of the element.
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Why is the study of spectra being increasingly used?
To analyse unknown substances and discover new elements.
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What is Electron Configuration?
A presentation of the arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus.
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What is an electron configuration usually written as?
A series of numbers.
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How many electrons can any shell after the first hold?
8
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What do the electrons fill up first?
The lowest energy level.
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What is the total mass of products in a reaction equal to? Why?
To total mass of the reactants. No atoms are lost or made.
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What do they symbols: s, aq, and l mean?
Solid, aqueous (dissolved) liquid.
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What are hazards identified by?
Hazard symbols.
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When dealing with hazardous chemicals....
it is impossible to remove all of the risks.
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What is group 1?
Group one is The Alkali metals.
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How many electrons do the Group 1 elements have in their outer shell?
1
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Why do alkali metals become more reactive further down group 1?
The outer shell gets further away from the nucleus and so the outer electron is lost more easily.
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What can Alkali metals react to form?
Compounds.
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Name a characteristic of an Alkali metal when it has been freshly cut.
The alkali metal is shiny.
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What does 'tarnish' mean?
To tarnish is to react with the oxygen in the air. Becoming covered in a layer of metal oxide.
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What do Alkali metals react vigorously with to form white crystalline salts?
Chlorine.
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What do Alkali metals react with to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas?
Water.
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What does a metal hydroxide dissolve into to create and alkaline solution?
Water.
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What happens when Lithium, potassium and sodium react with water?
They float (due to their low density.) and they produce bubbles of hydrogen gas.
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How does Lithium react with water?
Quickly.
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Is sodium more reactive or less reactive than Lithium?
More.
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What happens with sodium is reacted with water?
The sodium reacts vigorously and melts.
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What happens when Potassium is reacted with water?
Sparks are produced and a purple flame is seen.
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What is Group 7?
The Halogens.
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What state and colour is chlorine at room temperature?
A green gas.
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What state and colour is bromine at room temperature?
Brown liquid.
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Whast colour gas does iodine turn when heated?
Purple.
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What does the term 'diatomic' mean?
They only exsist in pairs of atoms.
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What re Halogens often used for?
To bleach dyes and to kill bacteria in water.
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What do Halogens react with alkali metals to produce?
Halides.
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How many electrons do 'The Halogens' have on their outer shell?
7
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Why does the reactivity decrease futher down Group 7- Halogens?
The outer shell gets futher away from its influence and so an electron is easily gained.
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Name two precautions that should be taken when working with Halogens?
Make sure the room is ventilated and to avoid naked flames.
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What will a more reactive Halogen do?
Displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.
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What two elements will chlorine displace?
Bromine and Idoine.
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What do Halogens react with to form compounds?
Other elements.
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If an element belongs to Group 3, how many electrons are there on the outer shell?
3
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What does 'Exothermic' mean?
A chemical reaction that emits energy to its surroundings so that the products have less energy than the reactants.
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What does 'Endothermic' mean?
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings so that the products have more energy that the reactants.
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What does halogens reacting with other elements produce?
Ionic compounds.
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What do experiments show that compounds of alkali metals and halogens do?
Conduct electricity when they are molten or dissolved in water.
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Name the term used for a charged particle.
An Ion.
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What has happened for the formation of an Ion to occur?
An atom/ group of atoms has gained or lost and electron.
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Ionic bonding is between...
A metal and a non-metal.
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Each ion has....
a full or empty shell.
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Atoms that gain electrons become...
Negatively charged Ions.
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Atoms that lose electrons become....
Positively charged.
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When Ionic crystals melt or dissolve in water...
they conduct electricity.
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Why do Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water?
The charged ions are free to move around.
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Sodium and Chlorine bond Ionically to produce...
sodium chloride.
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What symbol is sodium and what is its charge?
Na +
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What symbol is used for chlorine and what is its charge?
Cl -
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Why do Ionic compounds form crystals?
The Ions are arranged in a Regular Lattice.
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Ionic compounds are electrically....
neutral substances. (that have equal amounts of positive and negative charge).
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If you know the formula and the charge of one ion, you can....
work out the charge of the other in which it is being reacted with.
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Card 2

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What is Relative mass?

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The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Card 3

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What is a vertical column in the periodic table called?

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Card 4

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What is the name given for a horizontal row in the Periodic table?

Back

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Card 5

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What does group number correspond?

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