C2 Revision
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- Created by: syazmin
- Created on: 20-05-13 17:16
Describe the structure of the Earth?
The crust is made up of tectonic plates, the mantle is cold and rigid and the core consists of liquid and iron
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How do plate tectonics work?
Tectonic plates can move apart, collide and move sideways past each other. The oceanic plate is denser than the continental plate so it sinks and melt and causes subduction. Plates move because of convection currents.
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What causes volcanoes and earthquakes?
The movement of tectonic plates.
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Why is studying the Earth's structure difficult?
The crust is too thick to drill all the way through; need to study seismic waves caused by explosions or earthquakes
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Problems with quarrying rocks
Destruction of the landscape, uses lots of land, increased noise, traffic, dust and reconstruction
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What is in concrete?
Cement, sand, gravel and water
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What happens when limestone is heated?
Cement is made using clay
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What is thermal decomposition?
where one substance breaks down on heating to give at least two new substance
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How does limestone, marble and granite compare in hardness?
Granite is harder than marble, which is harder than limestone.
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Why is reinforced concrete better than concrete?
Harder, flexible (due to steel rods) and is a better construction material
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How do you get copper from its ore?
Heating it with carbon-smelting
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Advantages of recycling copper
Low melting point, low cost, reduces need for mining
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Disadvantage of recycling copper
Difficult to separate, fewer mining jobs, produce pollution
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Describe the purification of copper by electrolysis
The anode loses mass as copper atoms dissolve and become ions. The cathode gains mass as the copper ions are deposited as copper atoms.
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Common alloys
Amalgam, Brass, Bronze, Solder and Steel
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Uses of alloys
Amalgam-tooth fillings, Brass-musical instruments, Bronze-coins, Steel-cars, Solder-electronics
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What is rust?
Oxidation reaction when iron reacts with oxygen. Corrosion of iron = iron+oxygen+water>hydrated iron (III) oxide
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How to stop rusting?
Reduce oxygen-aluminium has an impermeable oxide layer that stops it from reacting with oxygen.
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Why build cars from aluminium?
Aluminium cars are lighter and resistant to corrosion. Malleable and are good conductors.
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Advantages of recycling car materials
Less mining, less landfill and less crude oil needed
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Disadvantages of recycling car materials
Fewer mining jobs, difficult to separate materials, expensive and produces pollution
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Whose process makes ammonia?
The Haber process
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Give the equation for making ammonia
Nitrogen+Hydrogen>Ammonia
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What are the conditions needed for making ammonia?
Use of catalyst and high temp. increases the reaction rate; High pressure increases the percentage yield of ammonia
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What do fertilisers contain and what does each part do?
Potassium-controls water, phosphorus-produces energy, nitrogen-amino acids
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Describe the environmental problems with fertilisers
Eutrophication; run-off of fertiliser into river which increases nitrate and phosphate levels. Algae grows and blocks off sunlight which causes fish to die because aerobic bacteria uses up the oxygen.
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Why do we need fertilisers?
Increase in crop fields; great demand for food production and it replaces essential elements.
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What is made in the electrolysis of brine?
Hydrogen at the cathode; chlorine at the anode; sodium hydroxide is also made.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do plate tectonics work?
Back
Tectonic plates can move apart, collide and move sideways past each other. The oceanic plate is denser than the continental plate so it sinks and melt and causes subduction. Plates move because of convection currents.
Card 3
Front
What causes volcanoes and earthquakes?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why is studying the Earth's structure difficult?
Back
Card 5
Front
Problems with quarrying rocks
Back
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