Boer War- Causes of war and condition of the army

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Who were the Boers?
Farmers
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Where did the Boers live?
Transvaal and Orange Free State
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What made the Boers vulnerable?
Surrounded by the British
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What did the Boers do in 1877?
Invited Britain to annex Transvaal and Orange Free State
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Why did the Boers invite annexation in 1877?
To get the British to kill the Zulus
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Why did the Boers want to get rid of the Zulus?
Attacks on farms
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When was the Zulu War?
1879
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What was the reason for the First Boer War?
Boer requests for independence denied
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What happened after the First Boer War?
Transvaal and Orange Free State became independent nations
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What meant that the Boer Republics were not entirely independent?
British suzerainty (control)
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When was the First Boer War?
1880-1881
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When were gold and precious minerals discovered in Transvaal?
1886
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Why couldn't the Boers mine the gold?
Lack of expertise and numbers
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Who mined the Transvaal gold?
British and German uitlanders
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What were the main reasons the British wanted war? (3)
Gold, uitlander rights, expanding Boer economy threatened British colonies
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Who was the President of Transvaal?
Kruger
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What were the limitations on uitlander rights? (3)
No voting rights, higher taxes, citizenship only given after 14 years of settlement
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Who was the mining magnate that encouraged uitlanders to campaign for voting rights?
Cecil Rhodes
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Who led the Jameson Raid?
Leander Starr Jameson
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When was the Jameson Raid?
1895/96
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What happened in the Jameson Raid?
Jameson led a small force into Transvaal and attempted to incite an uitlander uprising
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Why did the Jameson Raid fail?
Uitlanders didn't support it
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What were the impacts of the Jameson Raid? (2)
The Boer Republics signed a military pact against Britain, and imported German arms
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What happened at the 1899 Boer/British conference?
Milner walked out after demands for uitlander voting rights were refused by Kruger
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Why did Salisbury want to negotiate peace with the Boers?
Believed public opinion would be against fighting a white, Christian state
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Who supported war with the Boers?
Cabinet, parliament, press, public
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In his 1899 ultimatum, what did Chamberlain demand from the Boers?
Equality for uitlanders
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In his 1899 ultimatum, what did Kruger demand from the British?
Withdrawal of all British troops
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Who declared war?
The Boers (Kruger)
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What did Salisbury tell Victoria about the state of the army in 1899?
Incapable of 'meeting even a second-class continental power'
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What was the size of the army in 1899?
135,000 exluding Indian troops
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Why was there little military reform?
Britain continued to win victories, Salisbury withheld money as he hoped for peace
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What was the condition of British officers in the war?
Well-trained, had experience in colonial wars
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What weapon did the British use in the war?
Lee Enfield rifles
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What made Enfield rifles better than Minie rifles?
Bolt action, so faster fire rate; longer range
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What supplies were low in the army during the war?
Khaki uniforms, ammunition
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Who was the commander in chief of Allied forces?
Garnet Wolseley
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What did Wolseley emphasise in the war?
Supply and transport
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Why did the British have to rely so heavily on railways in the war?
Maps were outdated (from the 1850s), and intelligence limited
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What new tactics did the army fail to adopt? (2)
Mobile cavalry raids, fire from trenches
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What did outdated tactics lead to?
High casualties
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How many men were in the Boer 'army'?
60,000
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How many men were in the British Army?
135,000
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What made the Boer forces seem weak?
Militia of farmers with no real army structure or training
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What made officers in the Boer army successful?
Elected by commandos
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What was the impact of the Boers not having an official uniform?
High civilian casualties
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Who supplied the Boer army?
Germany
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What weapons did the Boers have?
Mauser rifles
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What made Mauser rifles more successful than Enfield rifles? (3)
Smokeless, rapid reload rate, long-range
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What field guns did the Boers have?
Creusot siege guns
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What was the advantage of Creusot siege guns?
Longer range than British artillery
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What did the size of the veldt mean for the British?
Took a long time to map
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What did Boer knowledge of the terrain mean?
Could predict British movements, poison watercourses, and destroy railway lines
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What made Boer morale so high?
They were defending their culture and way of life
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Who supported the Boers in British territory?
Boers in Cape Colony and Natal
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where did the Boers live?

Back

Transvaal and Orange Free State

Card 3

Front

What made the Boers vulnerable?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did the Boers do in 1877?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why did the Boers invite annexation in 1877?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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