Blood

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  • Created by: cat
  • Created on: 15-04-14 15:01
what is the temperature of blood?
38 degrees Celsius
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What is the pH of blood?
7.4
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what type of feedback maintains constant blood volume and osmotic pressure.
negative feedback
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Name some functions of blood.
Transportation(O2,nutrients,hormones,heat, waste). regulation of temperature,pH and osmotic pressure. Protection (clotting) immune response
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Name three proteins in blood plasma
Albumin, globulin and fibrinogen
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what are the functions of the three plasma proteins Albumin, globulin and fibrinogen
Albumin:maintains blood osmotic pressure. globulin (imunoglobulins) otherwise known as antibodies form antibody-antigen complexes. fibrinogen: for clotting
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components of white blood cells.
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils
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what components are in a haematocrit
plasma, RBC,WBC and platelets
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what causes anemia?
not enough RBCs or not enough hemoglobin.
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what causes polycythemia?
too many red blood cells. causes dehydration and tissue hypoxia (loss of oxygen). it is dangerous as it increases blood viscosity and forces the heart to work harder.
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what is the name of blood cell formation?
haematopoiesis also called haemotopoisis
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what do haemopoietic growth factors do?
regulate differentiation and proliferation (cell growth).
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erythropoietin is a haemopoietic growth factor. what is its function? where is it produced?
to increase RBC precursors. And it is produced in the kidneys.
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another haemopoietic growth factor is thrombopoietin what does it do and where is it produced?
hormone from liver that stimulates platelet formation.
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cytokines are also haemopoietic growth factors. They are local hormones produced by the bone marrow. what are its functions?
to stimulate proliferation in other marrow cells. colony-stimulating factor and interleukin stimulate WBC production.
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what are the advantages to red blood cells shape?
It's biconcave disc shape : increases SA:V ratio. Allows for flexibility in narrow passages
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how long is the life of a red blood cell?
120 days. due to wearing out from fitting through capillaries and no repair is possible due to lack of organelles
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what happens to RBC after they are worn out?
they are removed by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver the broken down products are recycled.
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what are the two principle types of white blood cells
granular (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) and agranular (lymhocytes and monocytes)
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what is leukocytosis?
high blood cell count caused by microbes, strenuous exercise, anesthesia or surgery.
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what is leukopenia?
low white cell count, caused by radiation, shock or chemotherapy
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how do neutrophils and wandering or fixed macrophages combat infection?
by phagocytosis
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what does eosinophils do?
combat effects of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes and combat parasitic worms.
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what do basophils do?
they contain and release heparin,histamine and serotonin (in allergic reactions) it intensifies the inflammatory response
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what do B-lymphocytes do?
To produce antibodies in the presence of foreign antigens.
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what do T-lymphocytes do?
destroy foreign invaders directly.
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what are the different types of anemia
iron-deficiency anemia , megaloblastic anemia( low uptake of b12 or folic acid), pernicious anemia(inability to produce intrinsic factor), hemorrhagic anemia,hemolytic anemia(RBC rupture prematurly),aplastic anemia(inhibition enzymes for hemopoiesis)
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substances required for clotting are...
Ca 2+, enzymes synthesized by liver cells and substances released by platelets or damaged tissues.
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life span of platelets and what is it removed by?
5-9 days removed by fixed marcrophages in liver and spleen
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Card 2

Front

What is the pH of blood?

Back

7.4

Card 3

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what type of feedback maintains constant blood volume and osmotic pressure.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name some functions of blood.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name three proteins in blood plasma

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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