Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain its internal environment and keep the conditions stable so it is able to survive when there are changes to the external environment.
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What are the 5 physiological parameters to measure homeostasis?
Blood glucose, body temperature, sodium, potassium, and blood pH
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What is a negative feedback system in homeostasis?
It is when the body automatically adjusts itself to respond to changes in its internal environment to return itself within its set points. Once the conditions have returned back to the body’s set points, the body’s response stops. For example if the tempe
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What are the components of a negative feedback system?
The receptors detect the change in the homeostatic parameter, they send a signal to the control centre, the control centre then sends a signal to the effectors to signal a change, and they respond and make adjustments to return the homeostatic parameter t
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What are the blood pressure receptors called?
Baroreceptors
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What regulates our core body temperature?
The hypothalamus
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What are the symptoms when our core body temperature is too low?
Shivering, lethargy, irritability, hallucinations, coma, death
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What are the symptoms when out core body temperature is too high?
Forced breathing is an active form of breathing where the body uses accessory muscles to move air in and out of the lungs. It is used in exercise and singing.
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Define ventilation.
Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Ventilation is also called breathing.
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Define inhalation.
Inhalation is the sucking of air into the lungs from the atmospheric air
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Define exhalation.
Exhalation is the pushing air out of the lungs back into the atmospheric air
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What drives air in and out of the lungs?
It is the difference in pressure between the lungs and the atmospheric air
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What is the main muscle of quiet breathing?
The diaphragm
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Describe the process of inhalation.
The diaphragm contracts, causing the thoracic cavity to expand and the ribs move upwards and outwards. As it expands, the lungs stretch which causes the pressure to drop to lower than the atmospheric air. As the pressure drops, air is drawn into the lungs
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Describe the process of exhalation.
The diaphragm relaxes, causing the thoracic cavity to relax and the lungs decrease in volume. As the lungs decrease in volume, the air pressure increases to lower than the atmospheric air, so this drives air out of the lungs
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What is the main purpose of breathing?
For gas exchange so the oxygen can be delivered to the body cells and carbon dioxide can be removed.
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What is the work of breathing?
How much energy we use to inhale and exhale
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What are the components of the work of breathing?
Elastic recoil, viscous resistance and airflow resistance
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What is airway resistance?
It is the factor that affects the flow of air down the airways. the formula is: flow=pressure gradient/ resistance. As resistance increases, the pressure gradient must also increase to maintain the same rate of flow in the alveoli. Smaller airways have a
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Which physiological structure does asthma affect and why?
It affects the bronchioles. They do not contain any cartilage and rely on the smooth muscle to maintain the airway. In asthma the smooth muscle can contract which reduces the diameter of the airways and excess secretions occur
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Why is the nose important in breathing?
The air travels up the nasal cavity to the conchae which filter, warm and humidify the air so it is warmer for when it travels to the alveoli. This is important because if the air is too cold then it can damage the alveoli sacs. The nose also contains muc
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What is the thoracic cavity?
It is the space in the chest that contains some organs including the heart and lungs. It is protected by the rib cage.
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What does the rib cage do?
It protects the vital organs e.g. the heart and lungs
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the 5 physiological parameters to measure homeostasis?
Back
Blood glucose, body temperature, sodium, potassium, and blood pH
Card 3
Front
What is a negative feedback system in homeostasis?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the components of a negative feedback system?
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