Biology

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What is respiration?
A chemical reaction in which the chemicals react to release energy
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What chemicals react during respiration?
Oxygen and glucose react and produce carbon dioxide
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What happens in Gas exchange?
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide pass between the blood and air through the alveoli
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What is the alveoli?
A cluster of air pockets at the end of each windpipe branch, surrounded by blood vessels
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What happens in diffusion?
Gas molecules move from one to another of the walls of blood vessels as they're so thin
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Whos lungs would be black and thick with tar?
A smokers lungs
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List some risks of smoking
Cancer, heart disease, stroke
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What are arteries?
Strong blood vessels which carry blood away from your heart.
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Explain the circulatory system
Two big arteries leave the heart. One takes blood to the lungs to collect oxygen, the other carries blood to the rest of the body. Blood carrying oxygen come back from the lungs and body parts and the heart pushes it round the body.
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Why is the heart called a double pump?
Because on each trip round the body a single blood cell goes through the heart twice
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What do arteries divide into?
Arteries keep dividing again and again into small blood vessels called capillaries
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What do valves act as?
They act as flaps like one way door to stop blood flowing backwards
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What does fitness depend on?
Your heart, lungs and blood vessels. The fitter you are the more oxygen and glucose they supply to your cells letting your muscles work harder.
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What does exercise do to make your heart and lungs word harder?
Makes them work harder to deliver oxygen
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What could increase a heart attack/stroke?
Smoke, overweight, no exercise, unhealthy food, high salt intake, excess alcohol, inherited genes
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What does plaque do?
Plaque makes arteries narrower which makes your heart have to work harder to push blood through
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What can happen if theres lot of plaque?
Bits of plaque can break away from an artery wall, clots form and the arterys blocked
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What is digestion?
Digestion breaks down complex food molecules to small nutrient molecules we can use.
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What kind of foods get broken down?
starch, fats and proteins get broken down into glucose
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Whats happens in the digestive system?
1. food is swallowed and chewed breaking down into smaller pieces 2.These pieces are broken into molecules by enzymes 3.These molecules are absorbed into the wall of the gut 4. The fibres then enter the large digestive system where the bacteria
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What is the digestive system?
The collection of organs that digest food
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What is the stomach?
Where food is stored and mixed with acid and enzymes before it enters the small intestine
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What is the gullet?
The section of your gut that connects the mouth and stomach
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Whats the large intestine?
The part of the gut between the small intestine and and rectum that houses beneficial bacteria and removes water from undigested food to make solid faeces
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Whats the villi?
Finger-like projections which line the wall of the small intestine
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What do enzymes do?
They break down large molecules into small ones
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What does a balanced diet contain?
Carbohydrates, protein, fats, minerals, vitamins and fibre
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What do cells use nutrients for?
For respiration and building proteins
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What are proteins?
Long molecules made of chains of amino acids
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Whats the process of protein chains?
The amino acids separate during digestion and then join together in different combinations
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Why would we subconsciously buy food?
What families like, taste, convenience, value for money,
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How does bacteria reproduce?
By dividing as viruses force cells to make them.
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Name three types of Microbe?
Fungi, bacteria and viruses
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Whats a fungi?
A type of microbe that causes infections (athletes foot)
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Whats a bacteria?
Single celled microbes with a cell wall (tuberculosis)
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Whats a virus?
Microbes which have genes but no cells (measles)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What chemicals react during respiration?

Back

Oxygen and glucose react and produce carbon dioxide

Card 3

Front

What happens in Gas exchange?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the alveoli?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens in diffusion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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