Biology 2 Quiz no.2

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Name six things made from protein?
Enzymes, fingernails/hooves/claws, hormones, hair, muscle fibre and antibodies.
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Where do we get our protein from?
Food
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What are proteins made of?
Amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids.
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Six facts about enzymes?
They are biological catalysts, all biological reactions are controlled by enzymes. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions, each has it's own shape due to different amino acids, so has it's own function. Each has an optimum pH and temperature.
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What is the theory of enzymes called?
'Lock and Key theory'
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Only one type of substrate can be broken down by an enzyme. What is this called?
Enzyme substrate complex.
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Explain the term 'denatured.'
Above an enzymes optimum temperature, the atoms inside the enzyme vibrate so much that the enzymes breaks down. The active site changes shape, so the substrate is no longer broken down.
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What is the purpose of biological washing powder?
To remove stains from protein, carbohydrates and fats.
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How are these stains removed?
Protein = Protease, Carbohydrates = Carbohydrase, Fat = Lipase
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What are the two advantages of using biological washing powder?
Enzymes are specific and will only break down the stains, not the fabric. You can wash at lower temperatures.
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Why would a washing powder of high or low pH be difficult to handle?
Would have to dispose of acidic waste seperately. Acidity or alkalisity of waste could affect environment. Acid could burn clothing.
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What is DNA made from?
Nucleotides.
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What are the names of the four DNA bases?
Ademine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.
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What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein.
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What is a base triplet?
Every three bases code for one amino acid.
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What is protein synthesis?
In the cytoplasm the amino acids join in a particular order given by the base triplets.
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What did Edwin Chargaff find out about DNA?
Amounts of ademine, thymine, cytosine and guanine in different organisms. Found that amounts of adenine and thymine were always the same, and amounts of cytosine and guanine were always the same. Concluded that a+t, and c+g pair up.
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What technique did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkens use?
X-ray diffraction. Works out how the atoms inside the DNA molecule were arranged. Firing a beam of x-rays into crystals of DNA. The x-rays hit the atoms and are scattered onto a photographic plate. When developed, can help build picture of 3-D strucu
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What did Watson and Crick base their work on?
Chargaff's results and the x-ray diffraction pictures produced by Franklin and Wilkins.
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What did they find out?
Built a 3D model and found that it had a double helix structure, meaning each half could seperate and make an exact copy of itself. Meant that chromosmes and genes would make an exact copy when cells divide.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where do we get our protein from?

Back

Food

Card 3

Front

What are proteins made of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Six facts about enzymes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the theory of enzymes called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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