AQA B1 Biology - Flash Cards
- Created by: Pippa
- Created on: 02-06-13 16:01
What is a balanced diet?
A healthy diet with thge right balance of food and energy to match the body's needs.
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Why do we need to eat food?
For growth and repair, for energy and to keep us healthy.
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What is your metabolic rate?
The rate at which chemical reactions occur in your body.
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Which factors can affect your metabolic rate?
If you exercise regularly, have a high proportion of muscle to fat or are quite tall and therefore have a higher surface area to lose heat from you will have a higher metabolic rate.
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What are carbohydrates used for in the body?
For energy
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What are mineral ions and vitamins used for in the body?
They are needed in small amounts to keep the body healthy.
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What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that causes an infection - like bacteria and viruses.
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Do painkillers kill pathogens?
No - they relieve the symptoms from a disease.
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What is an antibiotic?
A drug that kills bacteria.
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Name the barriers that prevent microorganisms entering the body.
Blood clots, digestive system - acid in the stomach, respiratory system- mucus traps bacteria and skin acts as a barrier.
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What does a lymphocyte do?
Locates the pathogen and produces antibodies it also produces antitoxins to counteract the toxins released by the pathogen.
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What does a phagocyte do?
Locates pathogen, engulfs it and then ingests it.
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What is contained in a vaccine?
Dead or inactive pathogens.
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What is natural immunity?
When we are infected and some of the lymphocytes that produce the antibodies are retained to deal with future infections.
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Which organ system deals with infections?
The immune system.
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What is a stimulus?
A change in the environment.
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What is coordination?
Selecting the appropriate behaviour for a stimulus.
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What is the job of the peripheral nervous system?
The nerves take messages to and from the CNS.
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What is the job of the sensory neurone?
Takes impulses from receptors into the CNS.
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What is the job of the relay neruone?
Takes impulses from the sensory neurone to the correct motor neurone inside the CNS.
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What is the job of the motor neurone?
Takes impulses from the CNS to the effector.
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What stimulus is detected by the eye?
Light
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What is a reflex action?
A rapid, automatic response in the body that avoids the brain as it has to happen quickly without you thinking about it.
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What secrete hormones?
Glands
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Where is FSH produced and what is its role?
It is produced in the pituatry gland and it stimualtes an egg to mature in teh ovary.
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What two hormones are contained in contraceptive pills?
Oestrigen and Progesterone
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What stops the production of FSH?
High levels of oestrogen and progesterone.
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What is a drug?
A chemical that affects our body chemistry.
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Why do scientists carry out tests on new drugs?
To check that they are safe to be used by patients.
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What is a clinical trial?
A trial where drugs are tested on humans to check whether they are safe and to see if they are successful at doing their job.
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What is a placebo?
A dummy pill without the active drug used in a clinical trial as a control.
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What was thalidomide originally developed as?
A sleeping pill.
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What do statins do?
Reduce blood cholestrol level.
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Why might an athlete inject steroids?
To enhance their performance.
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How do plants respond to stimuli?
Growth movements called tropisms.
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How do auxins function as a weedkiller|?
Auxins cause the shoots of broad leaf plants to grow rapidly but not the shoots so they die.
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Name one other commercial use of plant hormones (other than weedkiller)
Rooting hormones
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Name two extreme conditions in which microorganisms are found
High temperatures, but also extremes of salt and pressure.
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List the five resources that plants compete for.
Light, space, water, minerals , carbin dioxide
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If a mammal has thick fur and a thick layer of fat underneath the skin what type of environment are they likely to live in?
A cold environment
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How do plants leaves being spines help them in hot conditions?
It reduces the surface area which in turn reduces water loss.
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What are animals that are adapted top extreme conditions called?
Extremophiles
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What is pollution?
The release of harmful substances into the environment by humans.
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Where does the producer go in a pyramid of biomass?
At the base
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Apart from energy, what is lost at every link in teh food chain?
Biomass.
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What is a detritivore?
An organism that feed on daed organisms, such as an earthworm eating dead leaves.
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Name two decomposers.
Bacteria and fungi.
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What conditions are best for decay?
Wet and warm.
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What is variation?
The difference between individuals.
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What chemical is a chromosome made out off?
DNA
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Where are chromosomes found in a cell?
In the nucelus.
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What is used to cut DNA.
Special enzymes
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What is a mutation?
A change in an organisms gene
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Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
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Name two methods by whioch scientists can produce clones
Adult cell cloning and genetic engineering
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What is genetic engineering?
The process of transfering a gene from one organism to another.
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What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction needs gametes from 2 parents but asexual reproduction needs only one gamete as there is no fusion of gametes it also produces offspring that is a clone of its parent.
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What is natural selection?
The process which those individuals with features best adapted to their environment survive and pass on those useful characteristics.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why do we need to eat food?
Back
For growth and repair, for energy and to keep us healthy.
Card 3
Front
What is your metabolic rate?
Back
Card 4
Front
Which factors can affect your metabolic rate?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are carbohydrates used for in the body?
Back
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