Biology Unit One A01 Q's

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What is a polymer?
Many repeating units (monomers)
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What monomer are polysaccharides made from?
Monosaccharides
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What polymer are polynucleotides made from?
Nucleotides
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What monomer are polypeptides made from?
Amino acids
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What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?
Hydrolysis
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Name 3 common monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, fructose.
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What type of reaction joins two monosaccharides together?
Condensation
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A hydrolysis reaction involves the use of what type of molecule?
Water
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What type of bond links two monosaccharides together?
Glycosidic
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What is formed when two monosaccharides join together?
Disaccharide (+ water)
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What disaccharide is formed from the condensation of 2 glucose molecules?
Maltose
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What disaccharide is formed from the condensation of glucose and fructose?
Sucrose
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What disaccharide is formed from the condensation of glucose and galactose?
Lactose
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What word describes the relationship between alpha and beta glucose?
Isomers
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From what monomer is glycogen made?
Alpha glucose
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From what monomer is starch made?
Alpha glucose
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From what monomer is cellulose made?
Beta glucose
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Describe the test used to show reducing sugars are present.
Benedict's. Add heat. Positive = Brick red.
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Describe the test used to show non reducing sugars are present.
Heat with acid. Neutralise. Benedict's.
Positive = Brick red.
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Describe the test to show starch is present.
Iodine solution. Positive = blue/black
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Describe the test used to show lipids are present.
Add ethanol. Pour into water. Then shake. Positive = cloudy.
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What are triglycerides made from?
3x Fatty acids. 1 Glycerol.
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What type of bond is formed between glycerol and a fatty acid?
Ester
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How is a phospholipid different from a triglyceride?
1 Fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group.
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What do we call a fatty acid that has C-C single bonds?
Saturated
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What is an amine group?
NH2
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What type of bond holds amino acids together?
Peptide.
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What is primary structure of a protein?
Number and order of amino acids.
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What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
More than 1 polypeptide chain.
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Name 3 types of bond involved in maintaining tertiary structure of proteins?
Hydrogen, ionic, disulphide
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How can you test for proteins?
Biuret test. Positive = lilac.
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What type of biological molecule are enzymes?
Protein
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Describe the induced fit model of enzyme action.
Flexible
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Describe the lock and key model of enzyme action.
Rigid
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Name 5 factors that can effect enzyme controlled reactions.
Enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, inhibitors.
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What is an extracellular enzyme?
Works outside of a cell/cells.
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What do enzymes form when they react with a substrate?
An enzyme-substrate complex.
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How do enzymes work?
Lower activation energy
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Why are enzymes specific?
Substrate is complimentary to enzymes active site.
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What is the function of DNA?
Holds genetic information
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What are the 2 components of ribosomes?
Ribosome and protein.
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What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate and base.
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Name the 4 bases.
Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
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What are the complimentary base pair rules?
AT and CG
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What bond is formed when a condensation reaction occurs between 2 nucleotides?
Phosphodiester
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Name the 4 bases in RNA
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil.
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What term describes DNA replication?
Semi-conservative?
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What is the role of DNA helicase?
Unwinds DNA by breaking H bonds.
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What is the role of DNA polymerase?
Joins adjacent nucleotides
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What is the name of the enzyme that hydrolyses ATP?
ATP hydrolase
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What is formed from the breakdown of ATP?
ADP and Pi
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What often happens to compounds when they are phosphorylated?
Become more reactive
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What is ATP made from?
ADP and Pi
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Which enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ATP?
ATP synthase
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Name 2 processes that could produce ATP.
Respiration and photosynthesis.
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Name 5 important properties of water.
Metabolite, solvent, high specific heat capacity, high latent heat of vapourisation, cohesive.
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Which ion is found inside haemoglobin?
Iron
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Give one role of sodium ions.
Co-transport of glucose
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Give two roles of phosphate ions.
DNA/RNA, ATP
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What monomer are polysaccharides made from?

Back

Monosaccharides

Card 3

Front

What polymer are polynucleotides made from?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What monomer are polypeptides made from?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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