Describe the relative changes of dry mass of embryo seedling and endosperm. [4]
Emrbryo/seedling increases. Endosperm decreases. This happens because hydrolysis occur by enzymes. Starch is digested to simpler sugars (maltose). Respiration occurs. Sugars are used in the growing regions.
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Explain how a starch free agar has been formed? [3]
Amylase from seed hydrolyses starch to maltose.
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How do you know a plant is insect pollinated? [2]
Stigma/anther in flower. Large petals. Carpel inside flower. Nectary.
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How does a pollen tube pass through the tissue of a female reproductive system? [4]
Growth controlled by tube nucleus. Enzyme released. Digests path in a tissue. Nutrients absorbed for growth.
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What is the function of the cells in the tapetum? [1]
Provides nutrients for developing pollen grain.
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Name two mechanisms that favour cross-pollination. [2]
Separate male and female gametes.
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Describe the process by which pollen mother cells give rise to pollen cells? [4]
Mother cells undergo meiosis. Four haploid cells. Each nucleus develops into pollen grain. Mitosis to form 2 nuclei.
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State how the production of pollen grains has enabled flowering plants to adapt to terrestrial life. [3[
Pollen tube delivers male gametes to ovules. Stop risk of dehydration of gametes as no water is needed. Tough exine.
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Where has a fruit, embryo plant, testa and seed developed from? [4]
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