The chemical that is inside of the nucleus of a cell, containing the genetic material.
1 of 25
What structures is DNA contained in?
Chromosomes.
2 of 25
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA on a chromosome.
3 of 25
What does each gene code for?
Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein.
4 of 25
What is a genome of an organism?
It's entire genetic material.
5 of 25
What important uses may the whole human genome have in the future?
Look in book.
6 of 25
What is DNA in regards to structure?
It is a polymer, made up of repeating units called nucleotides.
7 of 25
What does each nucleotide consist of?
A sugar, a phosphate, one of four bases: A, C, G or T.
8 of 25
How are the nucleotides arranged?
They are joined together to form long strands.
9 of 25
What does each molecule have?
Each molecul has 2 alternating sugar and phosphate strands which are twisted to form a double helix.
10 of 25
What is attached to each sugar?
One of the four bases.
11 of 25
HT What is an attraction between the different bases that holds the strands together?
It is an attraction between the different bases. A C on one strand always links with the G on the opposite strand. A T on one strand always links with an A on the opposite strand.
12 of 25
What does the order of bases on DNA control?
It controls the order in which amino acids are joined together to make a particular protein.
13 of 25
What is the code for one amino acid?
A sequence of three bases.
14 of 25
HT What are proteins synthesised on and using what?
Proteins are synthesised on ribosomes using a template that has been taken from the DNA and carried out of the nucleus.
15 of 25
HT What do carrier molecules then do?
They then bring specific amino acids to add to the growing protein change in the correct order.
16 of 25
HT What happens when the protein chain is finished?
It folds up to form a unique shape.
17 of 25
HT What does this unique shape allow the proteins to do?
It allows the proteins to do their job as enzymes, horomnes or structural proteins such as collagen.
18 of 25
HT What is a change in DNA structure called?
A mutation.
19 of 25
HT What may happen if any bases in the DNA are changed?
If any bases in the DNA are changed, then it may change the order of amino acids in the protein coded for by the gene.
20 of 25
Although mutations occur all the time, what does usually not happen or only happens slightly?
Most do not alter the protein, or only alter it slowly, so that it still works.
21 of 25
HT Why may a few mutations cause the protein to have a different shape.
If it is an enzyme, then the substrate may no longer fit into the active site.
22 of 25
HT Why do not all parts of DNA code for proteins?
non-coding parts of DNA can switch genes on/off so that they can/cannot make specific proteins. Mutations in these areas of DNA may affet how genes are expressed.
23 of 25
HT What can increase the rate at which mutations occur?
Certain chemicals and high-energy radiation.
24 of 25
HT What may happen very occasionally involving mutation?
A mutation may occur that is useful. Without this type of variation, evolution by natural selection would not occur.
Comments
No comments have yet been made