Produced as a result of asexual reproduction, offspring are genetically identical to eachother.
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What is fertilisation?
The joining or fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete.
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What is variation?
Differences between individuals within a species (caused by inherited or environmental factors).
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What is a chromosome?
Long, coiled molecules of DNA, divided up into regions called genes. Found in cell nucleus.
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What is a gene?
Short section of DNA. Each gene codes for a specific protein by specifying the order in which amino acids must be joined together.
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What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It's the carrier of genetic information.
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What is a somatic cell?
Any cell in a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
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What is diploid?
Diploid number, 46 in humans, is the normal number of chromosome complement of any organism's somatic cells.
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What is haploid?
Gametes. Containing half of the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells, 23 in humans.
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What is mitosis?
Cell division which produces cells with the diploid number of chromosomes. Appears in growth and repair, and asexual reproduction.
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What is meiosis?
Cell division which produces cells with the haploid number of chromosomes. Appears in the production of gametes.
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What is homologous?
When both sections of a chromosome are the same.
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What is an allele?
A version of a gene.
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What is a genotype?
The combination of the alleles you inherit.
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What is a phenotype?
The characteristics that you have.
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What does homozygous mean?
You have 2 copies of the same dominant or recessive allele (BB or bb).
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What does heterozygous mean?
You have 1 copy of the domainant and 1 copy of the recessive allele (Bb).
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What is polydactyly?
Being born with extra digits (e.g. fingers/toes). Caused by dominant allele so can be inherited from one parent.
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What is cystic fibrosis?
Affects the respiritory and digestive systems. It results in the body producing a lot of thick sticky mucus in the air passages and pancreas.
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What is embryonic screening?
A way of detecting inherited disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, in embryos.
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What is the theory of evolution?
All of today's species have evolved from simple life forms that first started to develop over 3 billion years ago.
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What is a species?
A group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertilised offspring.
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What is selective breeding?
Intentional mating of 2 animals in an attempt to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or for the elimination of a trait.
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What is genetic engineering?
When the genome of an organism is modified by introducing a gene from another organsim to give the desired characteristic.
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What does a gene code do?
Codes for a protein which gives you a certain characteristic.
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What is an example of a gene?
Gene for brown eye colour is a section of DNA which makes the protein to make your eyes brown.
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What is an antibiotic?
A medicine that treats an infection by inhibiting/killing bacteria.
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How will antibiotics work?
Only work on bacterial infections as they are outside the cells. It will not affect viruses because they are inside the cells.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a clone?
Back
Produced as a result of asexual reproduction, offspring are genetically identical to eachother.
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