Biology key words

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  • Created by: KayshaN
  • Created on: 22-02-17 09:09
Cofactor
non-protein component necessary for the effective functioning of an enzyme
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Codon
a three-base sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for an amino acid
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Bionomial Nomenclature
scientific naming of species with a Latin name made of two parts: the first indicating the genus and the second indicating the species
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Inhibitor
a factor that prevents or reduces the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
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Pluripotent
a stem cell that can differentiate into any type of cell, but cannot form a whole organism
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Transcription
copying sections of DNA base sequence to produce smaller molecules of mRNA, which can be transported out of the nucleus via the nuclear pores to the site of protein synthesis
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Water Potential
measure of the quantity of water compared to solutes, measured as the pressure exerted by water molecules as they collide with a membrane, measured in kilopascals
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Vmax
maximum intial velocity or rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
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Diploid
Each chromosome type is represented by two homologous chromosomes 1 inherited from each parent
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Cytolysis
Bursting of an animal cell caused by increasing hydrostatic pressure as water enters by osmosis
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Glycolipid
Cell surface membrane lipids with attached carbohydrate molecules of varying lengths and shapes
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Facilitated Dissusion
diffusion across a plasma membrane through protein channels
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Species
The smallest and most specific taxonomic group, who are capable of reproducing viable offspring
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Protista
Biological kingdom containing unicellular eukaryotes
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Metaphase
2nd stage of mitosis when chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
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Magnification Equation
Magnification =  size of image/ actual size of object
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Transmission Electron Microscope
An electron microscope in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen and focused to produce an image. Has the best resolution of 0.5 nm. 
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Scanning Electron Mircroscope
An electron microscope which a beam of electrons is sent across the surface of a specimen and the reflected electrons are focused to produce a three dimensional image of the specimen surface. 
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Laser Confocal Microscope
A microscope that employs a beam of fluorescence and a pin hole aperture to produce an image with very high resolution
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Artefacts
Objects or structures seen through a microscope that have been created during the processing of the specimen.   
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Stage Graticule
A slide with a scale in micrometres etched into it. Used to measure the size of a sample under a light microscope. 
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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A nucleotide composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and three phosphate groups. The universal energy currency for cells. 
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Quaternary Structure
The association of two or more protein subunits
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Polymers
Long chain molecules composed of linked (bonded) multiple individual molecule (monomers) in a repeating pattern
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Operculum
The bony flap covering the gills of bony fish. Part of the mechanism that maintains a constant flow water of water over the gas exchange surfaces
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Cytoskeleton
A network of fibres in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.The primary types of fibers comprising the cytoskeleton are microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.  
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Benedict's Reagent
An alkaline solution of copper(II) sulphate used in the chemical tests for reducing sugars and non reducing sugars. A brick-red precipitate indicates a positive result
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Myogenic
Muscle which has its own intrinsic rhythm
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Template Strand
The antisense strand of DNA that acts as template so that the complementary RNA strand formed carries the same code as the DNA sense strand
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Centrioles
Component of the cytoskeleton of most eukaryotic calls, composed of microtubules. A pair of centrioles form the centrosome which are involved in the production spindle fibres during cell division
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Lymth
Modified tissue fluid that is controlled in the Lymph system
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Lactose
A disaccharide made up of galactose and glucose monosaccharide
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Level Of Hierarchy
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,. Genus, Species
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Insulin
A globular protein hormone involved in the regulation of blood glucose concentration
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Emulsion Test
Laboratory test for lipids using ethanol; a white emulsion indicates the presence of a lipid
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Telophase
4th stage of mitosis where the chromosomes assemble at the poles and the nuclear envelope forms
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a three-base sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for an amino acid

Back

Codon

Card 3

Front

scientific naming of species with a Latin name made of two parts: the first indicating the genus and the second indicating the species

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

a factor that prevents or reduces the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a stem cell that can differentiate into any type of cell, but cannot form a whole organism

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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