Biology - DNA
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- Created by: -nk< 3
- Created on: 02-08-23 12:57
Who discovered DNA?
Friedrich Miescher discovered DNA in 1869.
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How do adenine and guanine pair in DNA?
Adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.
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What are the four possible nitrogenous bases in DNA?
The four possible nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
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What are the components of a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
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What is extranuclear DNA?
Extranuclear DNA is DNA found outside of the cell's nucleus, mostly in the mitochondria.
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What is nuclear DNA?
Nuclear DNA is DNA found within the nucleus of a cell.
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Where is DNA found in a cell?
DNA is found mainly in the nucleus of a cell.
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What is the result of DNA replication?
Two identical DNA molecules, each in the form of a double helix, are formed.
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What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase helps bond free nucleotides to the template strand, creating new DNA strands.
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What is a replication fork?
A replication fork is the unzipped DNA where replication occurs.
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What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?
DNA helicase unzips or splits the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds.
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How are the nitrogenous bases held together in DNA?
The nitrogenous bases are held together by weak hydrogen bonds.
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What is synthesis?
the identical strands of DNA are synthesized.
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What is the purpose of DNA replication?
DNA replication ensures that the genetic information is passed on to daughter cells during cell division.
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Who determined the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick determined the structure of DNA.
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What did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins discover?
They took Photo 51, an x-ray of a DNA strand, and determined its regular shape.
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Describe the shape of a DNA molecule.
The shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix, resembling a twisted ladder.
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What are the functions of DNA in the body?
DNA controls cell function, gene expression, and passes hereditary information onto offspring.
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What is non-coding DNA?
Non-coding DNA does not code for proteins but still has important functions.
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What are genes?
Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins.
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What is the genetic code?
The genetic code is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that determines the traits of an organism.
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How is the type of protein formed determined?
The sequence of amino acids determines the type of protein formed.
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What are proteins made up of?
Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids.
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What is the function of DNA?
DNA contains the instructions for the formation of proteins and controls the way cells function.
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Name two pyrimidines.
Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines.
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Name two purine bases.
Adenine and guanine are purine bases.
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Define polymer.
A polymer is a long chain composed of repeating units.
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What are nucleotides?
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
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What is a nucleic acid?
A nucleic acid is a molecule that carries information, such as RNA and DNA.
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Define monomer.
A monomer is a small building block of polymers.
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A monomer is a small building block of polymers.
Histones are proteins around which the DNA helix wraps.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do adenine and guanine pair in DNA?
Back
Adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.
Card 3
Front
What are the four possible nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is extranuclear DNA?
Back
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