Biology- Biotechnology and genetic engineering
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Kitsune
- Created on: 13-03-17 15:03
Why are bacteria useful to humans?
Because of their reproduction rates and their ability to produce complex molecules
1 of 39
What does the cytoplasm of bacteria have?
Enzymes and food molecules
2 of 39
How can the bacteria move?
They have flagella
3 of 39
Do bacteria have a nucleus?
Nah
4 of 39
What are small rings of DNA in bacteria called?
Plasmids
5 of 39
What coat do some bacteria have?
A slime coat
6 of 39
How is the cell wall of a bacteria different from a plant cell wall?
It doesn't contain cellulose
7 of 39
What are the food stores in bacteria?
Glycogen grains
8 of 39
What are bacteria that feed off live organisms called?
Paracites
9 of 39
What are bacteria that feed off dead organisms called?
Saprotrophs
10 of 39
By what process do bacteria multiply?
Binary fission
11 of 39
Why do scientists like to use bacteria?
They can control their reproduction rates, they produce needed enzymes and hormones, plasmids are useful in transporting genes, easy to experiment on
12 of 39
Describe the use of enzymes in biological washing powders.
Most difficult to remove cloth stains often include lipids or proteins. Biological powders that contain lipase and protease are used.
13 of 39
Why do you need to control the temperature when using a biological washing powder?
Enzymes work best at optimum temperatures.
14 of 39
Describe the use of enzymes in lactose-free milk production.
Enzymes are immobilized on a carrier of fibres. Raw materials are supplied (milk w/ lactose). Immobilized lactase breaks down lactose. The product comes out.
15 of 39
What is an antibiotic?
A product made by one organism to kill of another organism
16 of 39
What mould secrets substances into environment to kill competition/disease causing organisms?
Penicillin mould
17 of 39
Antibiotics affect only...
Bacterial cells.
18 of 39
Why don't antibiotics kill viruses?
Antibiotics destroy cell walls and viruses don't have those. Also, viruses have no metabolism and no enzymes. (antibiotics stop enzyme work)
19 of 39
During which period is penicillin produced?
After the main growth of the mould.
20 of 39
What is used to prevent infection?
An antiseptic
21 of 39
Which chemicals that kill microbes are applied to work surfaces?
Disinfectants
22 of 39
Why are some bacteria resistant to penicillin?
Thet have the enzyme penicillinase
23 of 39
Describe how a dough is made.
Flour, sugar, water and salt are mixd with yeast in a process called kneading
24 of 39
Describe how a dough rises.
It is placed in a moist environment after kneading and yeast ferments the sugar. CO2 bubbles are trapped, making the dough rise
25 of 39
What does the cooking of a dough lead to?
Yeast is killed, alcohol is evaporated, rust is formed.
26 of 39
What is fermentation?
Any metabolic process carried out by microorganisms using crabs as raw materials.
27 of 39
What is the equation for the anaerobic respiration by yeast?
Glucose = alcohol + CO2
28 of 39
Where is the enzyme pectinase used? Why?
It breaks down clumps of plant cells, changing fruit juices from cloudy to clear.
29 of 39
What is genetic engineering?
Changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes.
30 of 39
How is a gene cut out from a chromosome?
By using a specific restriction enzyme and learning sticky ends.
31 of 39
What is done to a plasmid in order to insert a gene into it?
It is cut open at specific points using restriction enzymes and leaving complementary sticky ends.
32 of 39
What enzyme slices the desirable gene into the vector?
Ligase
33 of 39
What is done to a vector carrying gene at the final stage?
It is inserted back into the bacterial host cell.
34 of 39
What is done to bacteria containing desirable gene?
They are cultured to make a huge population which will make that product
35 of 39
What is the blood clotting factor for hemophilia?
Factor VIII
36 of 39
What are some important products of bacteria?
Insulin, human growth hormone, factor VIII
37 of 39
Give 3 advantages of genetic engineering.
High yield from fewer resources, food can be made more convenient, results are very predictable
38 of 39
Give 3 disadvantages of genetic engineering.
Can question human morals, engineered bacteria may escape and be dangerous, companies can take advantages of their products
39 of 39
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does the cytoplasm of bacteria have?
Back
Enzymes and food molecules
Card 3
Front
How can the bacteria move?
Back
Card 4
Front
Do bacteria have a nucleus?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are small rings of DNA in bacteria called?
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- Advanced Higher Biology Project Ideas »
- Will I have the right A level subjects? »
- STP specialism Suggestion »
- Applying for Undergraduate biotechnology or biomedical sciences »
- Would studying Alevel Maths Chem, bio and psychology take too much time? »
- Answering Questions: What can a degree in Human Biology lead to? »
- Official Biotechnology applicants thread 2024 »
- Uni courses »
- University of Glasgow or University of Sheffield »
- MRes Programmes - Faculty of Medical Sciences 2022 »
Similar Biology resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
3.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
3.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
3.0 / 5 based on 6 ratings
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made