Biology Bioenergetics

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What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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The FIVE ways that glucose is used in plants?
Making cellulose, producing amino acids, respiration, stored as lipids, stored as starch.
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Four Limiting Factors involved with the rate of photosynthesis?
Light Intensity, concentration of carbon dioxide, temperature, chlorophyll.
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Method of measuring the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in 5 steps?
1, White light is placed a specific distance away from the pondweed. 2, The pondweed is left to photosynthesis for a set amount of time. 3, At the end of the experiment, a syringe is used to draw the gas bubble into the tube alongslide the ruler and the l
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What are 2 variables that should be controlled in the experiment linking light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis?
Temperature, time the pondweed is left to photosynthesise.
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What is the inverse square law?
Light Intensity = 1/distance^2
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4 ways that you can create ideal conditions in a greenhouse?
Use paraffin heaters as they produce carbon dioxide as a by-product, use heaters during the winter, use ventilation and shades during the summer and use artificial lights.
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Why should the farmer not leave the artificial lights on in his greenhouse when they do not need to be on?
Waste of money, it is unnecessary.
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What is Respiration?
Respiration is the process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose.
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What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
Endothermic.
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What does the term, "endothermic" mean?
Endothermic means that energy is transferred from the environment, rather than to the environment.
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What term is given to the reaction which transfers energy to the surroundings?
Exothermic.
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Name one way that animals use glucose from respiration that plants don't do?
Animals use glucose from respiration to keep their body temperature steady. To allow their muscles to contract.
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What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are proteins, that are biological catalysts.
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What are biological catalysts?
Biological catalysts increase the rate of a reaction without being used up or consumed.
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What does the term metabolism mean?
The sum of all reactions that take place in a cell or body.
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What is the term given to the type of respiration that requires oxygen?
Aerobic
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What is the term given to the type of respiration that doesn't require oxygen?
Anaerobic
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Where in the cell do reactions take place in aerobic respiration?
Mitochondria
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Where in the cell do reactions take place in anaerobic respiration?
Cytoplasm
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What type of respiration produces the most energy?
Aerobic
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What is the word balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
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What is the symbol equation anaerobic respiration in animals?
C6H12O6 -> C3H6O3
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What does C3H603 stand for?
Lactic Acid
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What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is the incomplete breakdown of glucose, making lactic acid rather than carbon dioxide and water.
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Why do people start respiring anaerobically during vigorous exercise?
Your body cannot supply enough oxygenated blood to your muscles, so they respire anaerobically as well as respiring aerobically.
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Why doesn't anaerobic respiration transfer as much energy as aerobic respiration?
Glucose isn't oxidised fully.
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What is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
C6H12O6 -> C2H6O + CO2
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What does C2H6O stand for?
Ethanol
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What is anaerobic respiration in yeast known as?
Fermentation
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Why is fermentation used in factories for bread?
The carbon dioxide makes the bread rise.
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Why is fermentation used in factories for beer or wine?
The fermentation process produces the alcohol.
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Do you respire less or more during exercise?
More
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Why do you respire more during exercise?
Your muscles need more energy from respiration so that they can contract.
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What does increased respiration in your cells mean?
You need more oxygen in them.
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Why does your breathing rate and breathing volume increase during exercise?
You're trying to get more oxygenated blood to your muscle cells, so they increase to supply your cells and tissues with oxygenated blood faster.
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What is removed faster during increased respiration?
Carbon Dioxide
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Why is respiring anaerobically not the best way to transfer energy from glucose?
Lactic acid builds up which becomes painful
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What is oxygen debt?
Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen that your body needs to react with the build up of lactic acid and remove it from your cells.
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What does oxygen react with to form carbon dioxide and water?
Lactic Acid
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Why do you have to "repay" your muscles with oxygen?
Your lungs, heart and blood couldn't keep up with the previous demand.
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How long does your breathing rate stay high for?
Until you no longer have high levels of lactic acid and carbon dioxide.
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What are two ways that lactic acid can be removed from your cells?
Transported to the liver in your blood, where it is converted back to glucose. Or, it reacts with the oxygen in your cells to produce harmless carbon dioxide and water.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The FIVE ways that glucose is used in plants?

Back

Making cellulose, producing amino acids, respiration, stored as lipids, stored as starch.

Card 3

Front

Four Limiting Factors involved with the rate of photosynthesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Method of measuring the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in 5 steps?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are 2 variables that should be controlled in the experiment linking light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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