Biology B7 (Peak performance)

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  • Created by: Spiderpig
  • Created on: 24-02-16 22:37
How do you maintain a constant temperature ?
To maintain a constant temperature , the heat gained by the body must be balanced by the heat lost by the body.
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What is the system that maintains internal conditions within the body ?
Homeostasis
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What are the catalysts that speed up chemical reactions ?
Enzymes
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Where are the two main temperature receptors and what do they detect ?
There are receptores in the skin which detect a change in the air temperature of as little as 0.5 degrees celsius.There is also the Hypothalamus found in an area of the brain which detects blood temperature
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what is the processing centre for temperature control ?
The Hypothalamus
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what is the normal 'healthy' range of core body temperature ?
Body temperature should be between 36 to 37.5 degrees celsius
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What happens when your core body temperature drops above or below 37 degreed celsius ?
The hypothalamus triggers effectors to bring your body temperature back to normal
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What is the result of a core body temperature below 35 degrees celsius ?
the result is hypothermia or death
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What are the signs that someone is too cold ?
Their hairs will stand up in order to trap as much heat in between them , creating an insulating layer of air so blood flow in capillaries decreases.
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What are the signs that someone is too cold ? carried on ...
And people shiver which increases the rate of respiration so more heat energy is produced heating surrounding tissues. Also people look paler due to vaconstriction.
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what is the result of a core body temperature above 40.6 degrees celsius ?
the result is heat stroke or death
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What are signs that someone is too hot ?
Skin becomes flushed due to vasodilation. Hair lies flat so heat can escape and blood flow in the capillaries increases. Moreover, sweat is produced.
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What are the ways in which your body can lose heat ?
Your body can loose heat through the evaporation of sweat , water vapour when you breath out and through waste.
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Why does the Liver produce the most heat in the body ?
The liver produces the most heat in the body because it has more active cells than any other part of the body. Therefore more respiration takes place in the liver which produces heat.
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What happens when body temperature is raised due to an increase of respiration ?
Receptors detect the increase in the temperature of blood flowing through the brain which is processed in the temperature regulation centre in the brain (hypothalamus) which then sends out nerve impulses to the effectors.
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What are the effectors when temperture increases ?
When temperature increases muscles in blood vessels supplying capillaries , relax so that more blood flows through the capillaries - increasing heat loss. Moreover sweat glands produce sweat which cools the body when it evaporates.
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what is the end result of effectors when temperature increases ?
The end result is that core body temperature returns to normal.
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What happens when the temperature of the surroundings falls?
when the temperature of the surroundings falls receptors detect the decrease in the temperature of the skin.Then the temperature regulation centre in the brain (hypothalamus) sends signals to the effectors.
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What are the effectors when the temperature of the surroundings falls ?
When the temperature of the surroundings falls, muscles in blood vessels supplying capillaries, contract so less blood flows through the capillaries,reducing heat loss.
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What are the effectors when the temperature of the surroundings falls ? - carry on
Futhermore, muscles contract rapidly so that some of the energy released by the high rate of respiration, raises the temperature of the body
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Some effectors work anatgonistically, why is this ?
some effectors work antagonistically because they either need to contract or relax depending on your body temperature.
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What is vasoconstriction ?
it is when the muscles in blood vessel walls, contract , so that less blood flows near the surface of the skin.This means that heat is conserved and less energy is lost to the environment.
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What is Vasodialation ?
It is when muscles in the blood vessel walls , relax , so that more blood flows through the capillaries , ( energy from the warm blood is transferred) increasing heat loss from the body surface.
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Not all your body is the same temperature what is the coldest part of your body and why ?
The extremities ( hands and feet) because they have a larger surface are so they lose energy to the environment faster than the main parts of your body which are less exposed.
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How is heat produced in every living cell ?
Heat is produced by respiration.
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How does respiration produce heat ?
During respiration glucose is broken down to release energy for cells.
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Where does the energy from respiration go ?
The energy from respiration is used by muscles for movement and some of the enrgy warms up the body
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what is the word equation for respiration ?
Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
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How is heat transferred around the body ?
Heat is transferred around the body by the red blood cells
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what is the hormone that raises blood sugar ?
Glucagon
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what is the hormone that lowers blood sugar levels ?
Insulin
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what is type 1 diabetes and how is it developed ?
It is the inability for the pancreas to produce insulin.It is developed when born or when you are young it is also often inherited ( a genetic disease)
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How is type 1 diabetes controlled ?
It is controlled by daily insulin injections which control blood sugar levels . Additionally the person might have to ***** their finger each day and measure their sugar level using a special test *****.
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what are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes ?
The symptoms are : thirst and large volumes of urine containing high amounts of sugar
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What is type 2 diabetes and how is it developed ?
It is the inability to respond to insulin ( the body gradually stops making enough insulin your needs or the cells can't use the insulin properly). It is developed by poor diet , inactive lifestyle and middle aged and obese people are more risk.
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How is type 2 diabetes controlled ?
It is controlled by taking regular , moderated exercise to control blood sugar levels and by managing diet so that sugar is released steadily.
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what are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes ?
There are symptoms such as : thirst ,frequent urination , tiredness and weight loss.
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what gives cells the energy to function ?
Sugar ( glucose)
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What does a lot of sugar in one go do ?
It causes a surge of insulin which removes glucose from the blood.This results in an energy boost which quickly turns into a sugar low; causing lack of energy, concentration and mood swings.
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What happens if blood sugar is too high or too low ?
If blood sugar is too high it makes you drowsy; if blood sugar is too low you can go into coma
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What does your body do to overcome a too high level of blood sugar ?
The pancreas release insulin which removes glucose from the blood . This means that the blood sugar level is lower.
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What is a meant by the term 'processed foods' ?
Processed foods apply to any food which has been altered from its natural state.
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Why might 'processed foods' be bad for our health ?
Lots of processed foods contain added sugar, salt and fat.
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Why do people add sugar , salt or fat to food ?
Adding sugar,salt or fat prolongs shelf life ,flavour and structure.
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what 'processed foods' have extra sugar added to them ?
Foods such as yoghurt, dried fruit ,biscuits and chocolate have added sugar.
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How is added sugar absorbed into the bloodstream ?
Added sugar is absorbed easily (so quickly) into the bloodstream.
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what types of foods are digested slowly do their sugars are released gradually into the blood stream (which is much better for you) ?
Foods which are complex carbohydrates and are high in fibre like pasta, rice and bread keep your blood sugar level balanced.
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why do people suffering from type 2 diabetes have to be careful about the future ?
Over time hardening of the arteries take place which can lead to heart attacks,kidney damage or sight problems ( where blood vessels in the retina become involved).
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Why is exercise important ?
Exercise is important in order to maintain a healthy body mass. For example if you eat more calories than you need then you will start to put on weight.However exercise helps to burn those extra calories that you eat.
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what are sedentary activities ?
sedentary activities are activities which require the least amount of energy such as sleeping, sitting , writing and card playing.
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what are vigorous activies ?
Vigorous activities require the most amount of energy. They are activities such as swimming , cycling and running.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the system that maintains internal conditions within the body ?

Back

Homeostasis

Card 3

Front

What are the catalysts that speed up chemical reactions ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where are the two main temperature receptors and what do they detect ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is the processing centre for temperature control ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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hallie29037

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thanks. it was ok

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