Biology B5 (Homeostasis and Response part 2)

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What is the endocrine system composed of?
glands
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What do these glands secrete?
Chemicals called hormones
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Where are these hormones released into at the beginning?
Directly into the bloodstream
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Where does the blood carry the hormone to?
A target organ
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How are these effects compared to the nervous system?
slower but act for longer
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What is the name of the 'master gland' and where is it found?
Pituitary gland in the brain
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Why is it called this?
As it can secrete several hormones
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What hormone is released from the pancreas?
insulin
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What hormone is released from the thyroid gland?
thyroxine
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What does thyroxine control?
Your metabolic rate
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What hormone is released from the adrenal gland, where is it found and what does it do??
adrenaline, found on top of both kidneys and kicks in fight or flight actions
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What is type 1 diabetes?
A disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin
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What can be an indicator of type 1 diabetes?
Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
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How is type 1 diabetes normally treated?
by insulin injections
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What is type 2 diabetes?
A disorder where the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas
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What are common treatments for type 2 diabetes?
A carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise regime
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What is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes?
obesity
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What leaves the body via what during exhalation?
water via the lungs
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What 3 things are lost from the skin in sweat?
Water, ions and urea
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Is there control over water, ion or urea loss by the lungs or skin?
no
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How are excess water, ions and urea removed?
Via the kidneys in the urine
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What can cause body cells to not function efficiently?
Losing or gaining too much water by osmosis
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What does the digsestion of proteins result in?
Excess amino acids
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Where in the body are the amino acids deaminated?
the liver
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What are amino acids converted to in deamination?
ammonia
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Why is ammonia immediately converted to urea?
Because ammonia is toxic
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In what 2 consecutive methods do kidneys produce urine?
filtration of the blood and selective reabsorption of useful substances?
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What are these useful substances that are selectively reabsorbed?
glucose, some ions and some water
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What hormone controls the water level in the body ?
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
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What is ADH released by?
The pituitary gland
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What does ADH act on?
The kidney tubules
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When is ADH released?
When the blood is too concentrated (not enough water)
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What does the ADH cause?
More water to be reabsorbed back into the blood form the kidney tubules
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What type of feedback is this controlled by?
Negative feedback
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What 2 ways an people who suffer form kidney failure be treated by?
organ transplant or kidney dialysis
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In dialysis, what are patients connected to?
A dialysis machine
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What does the dialysis machine act as?
An artificial kidney
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What does the machine do?
removes most of the urea and restores the water and ion balance of the blood
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What are the disadvantages of kidney dialysis?
expensive, must have blood connected to machine several hours every week, must follow rigid diet, only work for a limited time
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do these glands secrete?

Back

Chemicals called hormones

Card 3

Front

Where are these hormones released into at the beginning?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where does the blood carry the hormone to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How are these effects compared to the nervous system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Fay Anabelle

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