What are the series of stages that a cell divides in called ?
The cell cycle
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What is stage 1 of cell division?
DNA is replicated to form two sets of chromosomes and the number of sub cellular structures (e.g. Mitochondria and ribosomes) increases
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What is stage 2 of cell division? (Mitosis)
Each set of chromosomes are pulled to opposite side of the nucleus, then the nucleus divides
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What is stage 3 of cell division?
Cytoplasm and cell membrane also divide to form two identical daughter cells
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mitosis is important to...
The development and growth of multicellular organisms
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When does mitosis occur?
during the development of babies in the womb and when someone damages their skin it only heals due to mitosis
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What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell of an of an organism that can develop into any other type of specialised cell
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What do stem cells in adult animals do?
They are found in bone marrow and can turn into red and white blood cells and bone cells
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What do stem cells in embryos do?
Stem cells in embryos duplicate and develop into specialised cells and are responsible for the growth of babies
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What do stem cells in plants do?
Stem cells in plants (meristems) are found throughout the plant and can turn into any specialised plant cell throughout the plant life
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Stem cell treatments may be able to help with conditions such as...
Diabetes and paralysis aswell as others but not genetic conditions like Down syndrome or haemophilia
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What are the risks of stem cell treatment?
Transfer of viral infections, rejection of the cells and some people have ethical objections
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What is therapeutic cloning of embryos?
An embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient so that the cells will not be rejected by the patients body
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Why is the cloning of plants useful?
It is quick and economical, rare species can be cloned to protect them from extinction and crop plants with special features such as disease resistance can be mass produced for farmers
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what is tissue culture?
the growth in an artificial environmentof cells derived from living tissue.
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What is an example of tissue culture?
Using a group of cells from a larger plant to grow an identical plant
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Why is tissue culture important?
It is important for preserving rare plant species and mass producing plants in nurseries
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Explain what taking cuttings is.
Cutting a branch of a plant and planting it to grow a new plant, it is an older but simpler method to produce many identical plants
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What are embryo transplants?
Splitting apart stem cells from a developing embryo and transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers
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Explain the process of adult cell cloning.
The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg (enucleation). The nucleus from an adult cell is inserted into the egg cell. An electric shock stimulates the egg into forming and embryo.
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Ext of adult cloning.
These embryo cells contain the same genetic info as the adult cell. When the embryo has developed into a blastocyst it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Each chromosomes carry a large number of …
Back
Genes
Card 3
Front
What are the series of stages that a cell divides in called ?
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