A factor that increases your chance of developing a particular disease.
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Metabolism
The sum total of all the biochemical reactions taking place in the cells of an organism.
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Covalent bond
Formed when electrons are shared between atomms. These bonds are very strong. Covalently bonded atoms form new molecules.
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Carbohydrates
Make a group of molecules containing carbon, hrdrogen and oxygen.
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Cellulose
A carbohydrate polymer made by bonding many beta glucose molecules together in long cahins.
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Amino acids
Monomers of all protesins. All amino acids have the same basic structure. the 20 different amino acids involved in protein synthesis differ only in the R group bonded to the central carbon.
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Primary structure of protein
Given by the specific sequence of amnio acids that make up the protein.
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Secondary structure
Coiling and pleating of parts of the polypeptide molecule.
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Tertiary structure
The overall 3D structure of the final polypeptide or protein molecule.
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Lipids
A diverse group of chemicals that dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol, but not in water. they include fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol.
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Hydrogen bond
Weak interaction that can occur wherever molecules contain a slighlty negative charged atom bonded to a slightly positivley charged hydrogen. Water molecules hydrogen bond with eachother extensivly.
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Nucleotide
The monomer of all nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is formed by bonding together phosphate group, a sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base.
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DNA
Dioxiribose nucleic acid.
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Gene
A length of DNA that codes for one polypptides. Each gene occupies a specific place on a chromasome. different versions of the same gene are called alleles.
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Catalyst
A molecule that speeds up a chemical rection but does not get used up in the reaction. At the end of the reaction, the catalst reamains unchanged.
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Extracellular
Enzymes catalyse reactions outised the cell.
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Intracellular
Enzymes catalyse reactions inside the cell.
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Activation Energy
The amount of energy that must be applied for a reaction to proceed. Different reactions require different levels of activation energy. Enzymes reduce the amount of activation energy needed to allow a reaction to proceed.
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Denaturing
Changes the tertiary structure of an enzyme such that it cannot function and its functions cannot be resorted. It does not change the primary structue of an enzyme.
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Optimum pH
The pH valued at which the rate of an enzyme-controlled reacion is at iits maximum. Each enzyme has a specific aptimum pH.
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Enzyme inhibitor
Any substance or molecule hat slowes down the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction by affecting the enzyme molecule in some way.
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Cofactor
Any Subtance that must be present to ensure enzyme controlled reactions take place at the approriate rate. Some cofactors are a part of the enzyme; other affect the enzyme on a temporary basis.
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Biosensor
Uses enzyme-contolled reactions to detect the presence of subsances in a highly sensitive and specific way. if the substance is present, the enzyme-controlled reaction takes place. The biosensor has a mechanism for revealing wheher product is made.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The sum total of all the biochemical reactions taking place in the cells of an organism.
Back
Metabolism
Card 3
Front
Formed when electrons are shared between atomms. These bonds are very strong. Covalently bonded atoms form new molecules.
Back
Card 4
Front
Make a group of molecules containing carbon, hrdrogen and oxygen.
Back
Card 5
Front
A carbohydrate polymer made by bonding many beta glucose molecules together in long cahins.
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