a male having an extra Y chromosome. known as super male. increase in testosterone=more aggression.
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main idea of twin studies-
a heritable trait may increase the risk for criminal behaviour.
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what did Christiansen find about the twin study?
sample of over 3500 twins.
concordance rate of 35% MZ and 13% DZ for men, 21% MZ and 8% for DZ women.
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aim of adoption studies-
adopted child compared to biological and adopted family to see if environment has a big role.
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supporting research of adoption studies-
Mednick- studies 14,000 adoptive children and found that a high proportion of boys with criminal convictions had biological parents with convictions too.
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who created the atavistic form theory?
Lombroso.
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what did Lombroso claim determined the born criminal?
the physical shape of the head and face.
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what atavistic features did Lombroso suggest a criminal would have?
high cheekbones
facial asymmetry
large ears
an insensitivity to pain.
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what do the features help to predict?
what type of crime they would commit.
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murders had what according to Lombroso:
long ears and curly hair.
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what was sheldon's theory:
believed that certain somatotype's contributed to the likelihood of criminality.
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endomorphic
mesomorphic
ectomorphic
which is associated with criminality?
mesomorhpic
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supporting evidence of sheldon's theory
hartl et al
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what is associated with brain abnormality?
damage to pre frontal cortex can result in becoming more immature and/or a loss of self control.
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serotonin-
a natural chemical.
low levels= slows brain functioning, including decision making.
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strengths of biological theories overall-
very scientific.
can be used to treat crime.
can be investigated using twin and adoption studies.
logical and can explain criminal families.
little subjectivity.
help identify risk factors to predict criminal behaviours.
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weaknesses-
doesn't explain all crimes.
reductionist-ignores environment.
cannot isolate one gene that accounts for all crimes.
hard to know exactly what we inherit from our parents in the way of criminal behaviour.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
main idea of twin studies-
Back
a heritable trait may increase the risk for criminal behaviour.
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