Their Atavistic (Primitive) features were biological characteristics from early human development that manifested as a tendency to commit crime
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What did Lombroso say determined the Born Criminal?
The physical shape of the head and face
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What study did Lombroso conduct on Italian Prisoners and Soldiers?
He compared Italian Prisoners and Soldiers. He found several 'physical defects' which he thought to be the Distinguishing Features of Criminality
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Give three Distinguishing Features of Criminality
A Large Jaw, Hard Shifty Eyes, Insensitivity To Pain, Fleshy Lips, Long Arms, etc
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Give an example of physical features linked to a specific crime
Rapists had ‘jug ears’
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What did Sheldon argue?
Criminality is linked to body types and their personalities
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What were the three body types Sheldon introduced?
Mesomorph, Endomorph and Ectomorph
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What does it mean to be a Mesomorph?
Muscular and Aggressive
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What did Sheldon find about Mesomorphs, Ectomorphs and criminality?
That Mesomorphs were most likely to be criminal as they were more aggressive
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What do Family Studies compare?
The family trees of criminals and non-criminals
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What can we say if we see that someone has a pattern between family and criminality?
There is a strong likelihood crime is related to there family and that they are likely to be criminal
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What did the Criminal Fathers study consist of?
A comparison of sons with criminal and non-criminal fathers
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What did the Criminal Fathers study find?
13% of Sons with non-criminal fathers had criminal convictions, and 40% of sons with criminal fathers had criminal convictions
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What is a Monozygotic Twin and what do they share?
An identical twin. They share 100% of the genes.
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What is a Dizygotic Twin and what do they share?
A non-identical twin. They share 50% of the genes.
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What did Christiansen find in his twin study?
That if an identical twin was criminal, 52% of the time, their twin was also criminal. Whereas this was only true 22% of the time with non-identical twins
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What do researchers compare in Adoption Studies?
The similarity of behavior between adoptees genes and environment.
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What do adoption studies suggest about similarity to parents?
If a child is more similar to their adoptive parent, environment is more important in causing criminality. BUT if they are more similar to their biological parent, genetics are more important
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What did the results of Hutching and Mednick's adoption study suggest?
That there is a strong link between criminality and genetics
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What did Jacobs argue in his XYY study?
That some males have a disorder which adds an extra Y chromosome, causing increased aggression
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What were these males with a XYY chromosome known as ?
'Supermales' due to there increased aggresion
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What did Theilgards XYY theory find?
30,000 in the prsion poulation were tested and only 12 had the XYY, however not all XYY men will commit crime.
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What was the case of Richard Speck?
Richard Speck murdered 8 nurses in Chicago, it was used in his defence taht he suffered from the XYY chromosom as he fitted the stereotype of being tall and skinny however it was later found that he didn't suffer from the XYY chromosome.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did Lombroso say determined the Born Criminal?
Back
The physical shape of the head and face
Card 3
Front
What study did Lombroso conduct on Italian Prisoners and Soldiers?
Back
Card 4
Front
Give three Distinguishing Features of Criminality
Back
Card 5
Front
Give an example of physical features linked to a specific crime
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