Biological molecules (topic one)- DEFINITIONS 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiological molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistryA2/A-levelAQA Created by: CaitlinMCurrie05Created on: 29-09-21 20:29 Monomer A subunit that serves as the building blocks of a monomer. 1 of 35 Polymer A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar monomers linked together. 2 of 35 Carbohydrate Forms the structural component of cells. 3 of 35 Lipids Provide a concentrated source of energy. 4 of 35 Phospholipids Major component of cellular membranes. 5 of 35 Nucleotides The monomers from which nucleic acid polymers (DNA and RNA) are formed. 6 of 35 Nucleic acids Encode information for the structure and functioning of an organism. 7 of 35 Covalent bonding Share pair of electrons in outer shells, a molecule is formed. 8 of 35 Ionic bonding Ions with opposite charges attract one another, and the electrostatic attraction is an ionic bond. Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds. 9 of 35 Hydrogen bonding The negatively charged region of one polar molecule and the positively charged region of another attract and form a weak electrostatic bond. 10 of 35 Atomic number The number of protons. 11 of 35 Mass number The number of protons and neutrons. 12 of 35 Proteins Involved in movement, signalling defence and transport. 13 of 35 Universal common ancestor Most organisms share the same genetic code. 14 of 35 Monosacchharides Single-sugar molecules that are used as a primary energy source for fuelling cell metabolism. 15 of 35 Diasaccharides Two sugars joined together by a gyclosidic bond. 16 of 35 Condensation reaction Two monosachharides are joined together to form a disaccharide with the release of a water molecule. 17 of 35 Hydrolysis reaction A chemical reaction involving the breaking of a bond by he addition of a water molecule. 18 of 35 Glycosidic bond Joins two sugars together. 19 of 35 Moltose Two gylcosidic molecules linked by an alpha 1-6 glycosidic bond 20 of 35 Sucrose A diasaccharide made up of fructose and glucose, joined by an alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond. 21 of 35 Lactose A diasaccharide made up of galactose and glucose, joined by a beta 1-4 gyclosidic bond. 22 of 35 Glycogen A branched polysaccharide formed from alpha glucose molecules. 23 of 35 Starch A polysaccharide formed from alpha glucose molecules either joined to form amylose or amylopectin. 24 of 35 Cellulose A polysaccharide formed from beta glucose molecules. Instead of branches it makes hydrogen bonds with other cellulose molecules. 25 of 35 Glucose A monosaccharide with the formula C6H12O6. 26 of 35 Polar molecules When one atom is electronegative and the other is not, so one atom becomes slightly positive and the other slightly negative. 27 of 35 Triglyceride A lipid composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. 28 of 35 Fatty acids Long chain carboxylic acids used in the formation of triglycerides. 29 of 35 Ester bond A bond that holds triglycerides together. 30 of 35 Phospholipids Modified triglycerides where one fatty acid has been replaced with a phosphate group. 31 of 35 Test for reducing sugars Benedicts test. Reducing sugar=brick-red precipitate formed. 32 of 35 Test for starch Iodine test. Starch present= solution will turn purple/black. 33 of 35 Test for lipids Emulsion test. If lipid present a white emulsion is formed as a layer on top. 34 of 35 Hydrocarbon chain A linear molecule made up of a carbon backbone carrying hydrogen atoms. 35 of 35
Energy transfers and ecosystems AQA A2 Biology PART 3 of 4 TOPICS: Energy and ecosystems 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating Teacher recommended
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