Biological Molecules- Carbohydrates

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What is a condensation reaction?
Joining of small molecules to make a larger by removing water.
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What is a hydrolysis reaction?
The breaking down of a large molecule to make smaller molecules by adding water
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What is a monomer?
A single molecular unit
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What is a polymer?
Many monomers or molecular units
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What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
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What is the polymer of a carbohydrate
Polysaccharide
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What elements do carbohydrates only contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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Name the three monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose and galactose
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What are the two isomers of glucose?
Alpha and beta glucose
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Draw alpha and beta glucose?
https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.6xHow94gtUBUIxJOhIQnZgHaD2&pid=Api
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What is the bond between two monosaccharides called?
Glycosidic Bond
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What is formed between the condensation of: glucose and glucose?
Maltose and water
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What is formed between the condensation of: glucose and fructose?
Sucrose and water
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What is formed between the condensation of: glucose and galactose?
Lactose and water
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Name the test for reducing sugars?
Benedicts Test
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How do you carry out the benedicts test?
Add Benedicts and heat for 5 minutes in hot water bath.
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If a reducing sugar is present what colour does it go and what does it not go?
If present: brick red. If no present blue
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How do you carry out a test for non reducing sugars?
Add HCl and NaOH to neutralise, heat and carry out benedicts test. If present brick red.
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How do you use a colourimeter and a callibration curve to carry out a benedicts test?
1. Make different concentrations and carry out benedicts test. 2. Use colorimiter to measure absorbance and transmission. 3. Plot callibration curve and use to find concentration.
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Name the three polysaccharides?
Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose
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What is the function of starch?
Energy storage in plants
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What are the adaptations of starch?
Helical- compact for enrgy storage, alpha glucose, branched so easily hydrolysed into energy and osmotically balanced preveting uptake of water; osmotic lysis.
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What is the test for starch?
the iodine test
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How do you carry out the iodine test?
Add iodine, if present it turns blue/black, if none present turns orange
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What is the function of Glycogen?
Energy storage in animals in liver and muscles
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What are the adaptations of glycogen?
Helical, branched- increased surface area for easy hydrolysis for energy, alpha glucose and osmotically balanced- doesn't draw up water; osmotic lysis
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What is the function of cellulose?
For strength and support in cell wall
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What are the adaptations of cellulose?
Beta glucose and unbrached straight chained- support cell wall, hydrogen bonds group to form microfibrils- provide strength and osmotically balanced- preventing uptake of water; osmotic lysis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Back

The breaking down of a large molecule to make smaller molecules by adding water

Card 3

Front

What is a monomer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a polymer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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