Biological Explanations for Schizophrenia

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Who did the family study?
Gottesman
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What did the family study find?
Children with two parents had concordance rate of 46%, one parent had 13% and a sibling had 9%
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Who did the twin study?
Joseph
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What did the twin study find?
40.4% concordance for MZ twins and 7.4% for DZ twins
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Who did the adoption study?
Tienari et al
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What did the adoption study find?
11 out of the 164 adoptees who's mothers were schizophrenic developed it, compared to 4 out of the 197 control adoptees
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What are schizophrenics thought to have?
High numbers of D2 receptors on receiving neurons which result in more neurons firing
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Who did the study for drugs that increase dopaminergic activity?
Grilly
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What did the study on drugs that increase dopaminergic activity find?
Patients with Parkinsons disease who take the L-dopa drug to raise their dopamine levels have been found to have schizophrenic like symptoms
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What do drugs that decrease dopaminergic activity?
They block the activity of dopamine in the brain by reducing activity in the pathways which eliminates the symptoms
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What are neural correlates?
Measurements of the structure of function of the brain that correlate with experience
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What are the neural correlates of negative symptoms?
Avolition is the loss of motivation whereby the ventral striatum is involved in the anticipation of a reward
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What did Juckel et al find?
They found lower levels of activity in the ventral striatum than non schizophrenics
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What is the first disadvantage of genetic factors?
The disorder runs in the family as they got reared the same, not because of genetic factors
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What did Joseph say?
MZ twins are treated more similarly, have more identity confusion and have more similar environments than DZ twins
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What is an advantage of the dopamine hypothesis?
Leutch found that all drugs were more effective than a placebo from a meta analysis of 212 studies
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Who said that the dopamine hypothesis isn't conclusive enough and what else did he say?
Moncrieff, he also said that they haven't considered stress or smoking which are known to affect other neurotransmitters. Examinations on dead brains have also come back negative or inconclusive
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What did the family study find?

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Children with two parents had concordance rate of 46%, one parent had 13% and a sibling had 9%

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Who did the twin study?

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What did the twin study find?

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