Biodiversity

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  • Created by: ElishaG
  • Created on: 25-05-17 17:39
What is a species?
A group of organisms with similar morphology(similar features) that can breed to produce fertile offspring.
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What is a habitat?
An environment where an organism lives.
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What is biodiversity?
The variety of genetics, variety of habitats and number of species in an environment.
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What does biotic mean?
Living.
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What are biotic factors effecting biodiversity?
1)Disease.2)Prey.3)Predators.
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What does abiotic mean?
Non-living.
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What are abiotic factors of biodiversty?
1)Temperature.2)Altitude.3)Soil PH.4) rainfall.5)Space territory)Salinity
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What are 3 important things to consider when sampling?
1)Larger sample size= more accurate representations.2)Sample size is balance of valid results and time,energy,money,labour, equipment.3)Strategy with minimum of bias is most statistically valid.
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What is meant by random sampling?
Sampling an area using generated co-ordinates that the investigator doesn't know in advance.
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What is meant by a sample?
A small area within the environment you're investigating that is assumed as a representative of the whole area.
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List sampling techniques.
1)Quadrats.2)Grid Quadrats.3)Point quadrats.4)Belt transect.5)Line transect.6)Kick sampling.7)Pitfall traps.8)Pooter.9)Sweep nets.10)Light traps.11)Tags.
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Describe quadrats.
Usually square, can be circular- allow us to sample data in a specific area.
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When should quadrats be used?
For estimating population sizes on large area.
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Describe grid quadrats.
Consists of number of squares usually in 10X10 grid.
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When should grids quadrats be used?
For estimating ground cover by very short plants, number of squares with over half covered counted to give estimated % ground cover.
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Describe point quadrats.
Consists of a row of 10 metal rods evenly spaced in a line. Frame pushed into ground followed by rods.
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When should point quadrats be used?
To calculate % cover, each time rod touches species, regarded as 10% cover.
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Describe Belt transect.
Using a transect across an area(in a line), quadrats placed at regular intervals and samples taken.
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When should belt transects be used?
To investigate a habitat - useful if information about % cover is needed.
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Describe line transect.
Using transect line along an area at set points.
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When should a line transect be used?
Can be used if habitat changes in a particular direction and data collected at point locations e.g. soil, light levels, water content.
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Describe kick sampling.
Net placed downstream and river bed disturbed by kicking is, mobile invertebrates washed into net.
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What are limitations to kick sampling?
Kicking cannot be standardised, organisms attached from rocks won't be collected, organisms that can swim may escape.
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Describe pitfall traps.
Mobile invertebrates trapped, fall into collection chamber, cover placed over pot to prevent rain and large animals entering.
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What are limitations to pitfall traps?
Organisms beneath surface not collected, killing fluid may attract some species and deter others.
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Describe pooter
Low pressure used to **** invertebrate into sample chamber.
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What are limitations to pooter?
Only one visible species at a time,not standardised.
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Describe sweep nets.
Lightweight nets with large diameter swept through vegetation to collect invertebrates.
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What are limitations to sweep nets?
Number and length of sweeps must be standardised so semi-quantitative data can be collected.
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Describe light traps.
Some flying insects, eg. moths attracted to light and can be trapped.
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What are limitations to light traps?
Lights can get too hot, only attracts flying insects attracted to bright lights.
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Describe tags.
Studies of bird populations involves placing meta rings on them to track movement. Also used on sharks, whales, turtles.
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What are limitations to tags?
Shouldn't impede animals movements. Shouldn't reduce their ability to hide.
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What is species richness?
The number of species present in a habitat.
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What is species evenness?
The abundance of species. The lower the difference between highest and lowest, the more even it is.
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What is species abundance?
Frequency- number of quadrats species appears e.g. 5/5 quadrats= 100%.
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What is Simpson's Index of Diversity?
A measure of biodiversity.
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What does n represent in Simpson's diversity index equation?
Number of individuals of individual species.
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What does N represent in Simpson's diversity index equation?
Number of individuals of all species.
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How is total population calculated?
(Number 1st sample X number 2nd)/Number of marked in 2nd sample.
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How is percentage change calculated?
(Difference in values/original value) x 100.
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How is percentage marked calculated?
(Number of marked organisms/ total number in sample) X 100.
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In Spearman's rank equation, what does n represent?
Sample size.
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In Spearman's rank equation, what does d represent?
difference.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a habitat?

Back

An environment where an organism lives.

Card 3

Front

What is biodiversity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does biotic mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are biotic factors effecting biodiversity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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