B7
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- Created by: sophielouise277
- Created on: 09-10-18 18:13
What is a risk factor?
Something that has been shown to be linked to an increased risk of disease
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What are some of the many risk factors for disease?
Genes, lifestyle (smoking, diet) and substances present in environment (radiation, UV light)
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What are examples of risk factors for non communicable diseases?
Diet, fitness, carcinogens
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What is a carcinogen?
A carcinogen is any substance that leads to the formation of cancer.
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What is an example of a carcinogen?
Ionising radiation
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What is a correlation?
Similarities that link between the two.
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What is a causal mechanism?
Explains how one factor influences another through a biological process
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What do tumour cells do?
They divide rapidly with little non-dividing time for growth in between each division
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What are benign tumours?
Growths of abnormal cells contained in one place- do not invade other parts of body
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How are benign tumour dangerous?
They can grow very large and cause pressure or damage to an organ
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What are malignant tumours?
Spread around the body, referred to as cancer
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How do malignant spread around the body?
The tumour may split up and release small clumps of cells into the bloodstream
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How malignant tumours dangerous?
They disrupt normal tissues and will often kill the person
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What are some causes of cancer?
Genetic factors, mutations, ionising radiation
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What are mutations?
Changes in genetic material
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What can cause mutations?
Chemicals can cause mutations that trigger tumour growth
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What are these cancer-causing agents called?
Carnciongens
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What are some examples of ionising radiation?
UV and X rays
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What are some human cancers also caused by?
Virus infections
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What is an example of a cancer caused by a virus?
Cervical cancer is mainly caused by HPV
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What is radiotherapy?
Cancer cells destroyed by targeted does of radiation
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How does radiotherapy work?
The radiation stops mitosis in cancer cells but also damages healthy cells
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What is chemotherapy?
Where chemicals used to stop cancer cells dividing.
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What is nicotine?
The addictive but relatively harmless drug in tobacco smoke
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Why do people like smoking?
The nicotine produces a sensation of calm, well-being
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What is carbon monoxide?
A poisonous gas that takes up the oxygen capacity of your blood
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What happens if a fetus does not get enough oxygen?
It cab lead to premature births, low birth weight and even still birthsW
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What allows pathogens and dirt into the lungs?
Because the tobacco smoke causes the cilia to be anaesthetised
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What does anaesthetised mean?
They stop working for a time
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What is tar?
Sticky, black chemical that accumulates in the lungs
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What does tar do to the lungs?
Turn them from pink to grey
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What else does tar cause?
Cancers- throat, larynx and trachea
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What does smoking do to your skin?
Narrow the blood vessels which age your skin
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What does nicotine do to the heart?
Makes the heart race
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What else can smoking cause?
High blood pressure
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What does smoking increase the risk of?
Cardiovascular disease, heart attacks and strokes
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What can obesity lead to?
Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease
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How does exercise help keep you healthy?
You will have more muscle tissue which will increase your metabolic rate
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What else does exercise help with?
Lower blood cholesterol and reduce fatty deposits
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What is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
Obesity
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What is type 2 diabetes?
Where your body doesn't make enough insulin to control blood sugar levels or your cells stop responding to insulin
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What does alcohol effect?
Nervous system, reflexes
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What does alcohol increase the risk of?
Liver cancer
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What can happen to the baby if alcohol is drank during preganancy?
Miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth and low birthweight
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What conditions may the baby have?
Facial deformities, problems with teeth,jaw or hearing, liver and heart problems and may have learning or development problems.
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What is this know as?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are some of the many risk factors for disease?
Back
Genes, lifestyle (smoking, diet) and substances present in environment (radiation, UV light)
Card 3
Front
What are examples of risk factors for non communicable diseases?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is a carcinogen?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is an example of a carcinogen?
Back
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