different versions of the same gene for a specific characteristic (e.g eye colour)
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Dominant allele
the stronger allele which is represented by a capital letter (e.g B Brown)
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Recessive allele
the mask allele shown by a lower case letter (e.g b blue)
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Genotype
your combination of your alleles (BB, bb, or Bb)
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Phenotype
the colour/allele you show (e.g colour of eyes you have)
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Homozygous
two alleles of the same (e.g bb or BB)
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Heterozygous
alleles of different types (Bb)
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Genome
genetic information in an organism
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23 chromosomes (only in Gametes)
Haploid cells
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Gametes
sex cells
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23 pairs of chromosomes
Diploid cells
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Meiosis
cell replication that only occurs in gametes and produces 4 new cells- that aren't genetically identical
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Mitosis
cell replication that occurs in every living organism mainly for growth and repair makes 2 new cells- and are genetically identical
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Asexual reproduction
happens in some plants, bacteria and some animals - there only one parent so offspring are genetically identical
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Mutation
change in the genetic code, a change in the base sequence can change the amino acid sequence which therefore affects the shape of the protein which also changes how it functions
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Survival of the fittest
organisms which have the most advantageous characteristics are most likely to survive
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Evolution
species evolve over a long period of time to become better adapted to their environment by a mechanism called natural selection
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Variation
unique characteristics that are caused by sets of genes you have inherited or the environment in which you have developed
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Continuous variation
a feature that can be measured and given a value from a range of values
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Discontinuous variation
a feature that can't be measured but is one of a few distinct options (is the result of genes only)
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Classification
the organisation of living things into groups according to their similarities
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Natural classification
using DNA sequencing, scientists can compare the similarities in different organisms DNA rather than just their observable characteristics - therefore we can look for a common ancenstor
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Artificial classification
the ordering of organisms into groups on the basis of non evolutionary features
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Darwins theory of evolution
organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
the stronger allele which is represented by a capital letter (e.g B Brown)
Back
Dominant allele
Card 3
Front
the mask allele shown by a lower case letter (e.g b blue)
Back
Card 4
Front
your combination of your alleles (BB, bb, or Bb)
Back
Card 5
Front
the colour/allele you show (e.g colour of eyes you have)
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