B5
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- Created by: sophielouise277
- Created on: 26-09-18 21:01
What are communicable diseases?
They are infectious and can be spread
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What are communicable diseases caused by?
Pathogens
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What are non communicable disease?
It cannot be spread
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What else can affect health?
Diet, stress and life situations
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What can viruses lead to?
Cancer
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What could make you suffer more communicable diseases?
If your immune system has defects and doesn't work properly
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What can trigger allergies?
Immune reactions caused by a pathogen
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What can physical ill health lead to?
Mental illnesses
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What is malnutrition often linked with?
Deficiency diseases, weak immune system, obesity and cardiovascular disease
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What are the microorganisms that cause disease called?
Pathogens
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What are communicable diseases caused by?
Pathogens or a toxin made by a pathogen
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What are bacteria?
Single-celled organisms that are smaller than animal cells
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What are viruses?
Smaller than bacteria, regular shapes and cause disease
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What does bacteria do when it is inside the body?
Replicates by binary fission and they produce toxins which can damage cells
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What do viruses do when inside the body?
They take over cells and destroy them
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What are the three ways pathogens can be spread?
Air, direct contact and water
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What conditions are needed to grow microorganisms?
Liquid or gel containing nutrients- a culture medium, warmth and oxygen
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What is poured into the petri dish?
Hot agar gel
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What temperature should cultures be incubated at in schools?
25 *
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Why do we incubate at this temperature?
To prevent the likelihood of pathogens that might be harmful to humans
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What affects the the rate of bacterial growth?
Temperature, available nutrients, oxygen levels and PH
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How to find out the number of bacteria?
Bacteria at end = bacteria at start x 2 *
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How to prevent growth of bacteria?
Lower temperature and chemicals
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What is disinfectant?
A chemical used to kill bacteria
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What is an antiseptic?
A disinfectant that is safe on human skin
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How to prevent spread of pathogens?
Wash hands, use disinfectants, raw meat away and cough/seneze into tissue
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What are vectors?
They carry diseases
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What happens during a vaccination?
Doctors inject a small amount of a harmless form of a specific pathogen so your immune system recognises it
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What are the main symptoms of measles?
Fever and a red skin rash
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How is measles spread?
Via inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs
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What can mesales cause?
Blindness and brain damage
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How has measles been prevented?
Isolate people with it and vaccinate children
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What does HIV do?
Attack the immune cells until it can no longer deal with infections
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How is HIV spread?
Via sexual contact or sharing needles
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How can you prevent the spread of HIV?
Using condoms, don't share needles, screen blood for transfusions and HIV positive women bottle feed
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What is TMV?
Tobacco mosaic virus
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What does TMV do?
Causes a distinct mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves
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How is TMV spread?
Via contact between diseased plant and healthy plant or insects can act as vectors
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How to prevent spread of TMV?
Good field hygiene and good pest control
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What is salmonella?
Bacteria that disrupt natural gut bacteria and cause food poisoning.
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How to prevent spread of salmonella?
Poultry are vaccinated and keep raw chicken away from other food
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What is gonorrhoea?
A STD
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How is gonorrhoea spread?
Sexual contact
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What are the early symptoms of gonorrhoea?
Thick yellow/green discharge from vagina or penis and pain when peeing
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What can gonorrhoea do to babies?
Severe eye infections
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How can gonorrhoea be prevented?
Condom and reduce amount of sexual partners
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What are there very few of in plants?
Bacterial diseases
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What is one bacterial disease that affects plants?
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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What does it do?
Cause crown galls
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What are crown galls?
A mass of unspecialised cells at the joint between a root and a shoot in plant
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What is rose black spot?
A fungal disease of rose laves
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What does rose black spot do to plants?
Causes purple or black spots to develop on the leaves
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How does rose black spot spread?
Via spores in the air
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How can gardeners prevent the spread of rose black spot?
Removing and burning affected leaves and chemical fungicides
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What is a protist?
A single celled organism that causes a range of diseases and usually is transported by a vector
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What is malaria?
A disease caused by protist pathogens that are parasites
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What are parasites?
They live and feed on other organisms
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How is malaria spread?
The protists reproduce sexually in the mosquito and the female needs teo meals of blood and then she lays eggs which is where protists are transferred
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How to control malaria?
Antimalrial drugs that kill parasite, remove water to prevent breeding, insecticides and insect nets
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How does your skin defend you?
Acts as a barrier, platelets form clots to stop pathogens , covered with microorganisms that act as another layer and it produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy bacteria
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How does your nose defend you?
Hairs and sticky liquid of mucus
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How does your trachea and bronchi protect you?
Produces mucus and is covered in cilla
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How does your stomach protect you?
Produces acid
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Three ways a white blood cell protects you?
Injests bacterium, produces antibodies and produces antitoxins
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What stops you from getting a disease twice?
The antibodies made by white blood cells are remembered so if disease enters it can quickly destroy them
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What is one important plant pest?
Aphids
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What do aphids do?
Penetrate into phloem and feed on sugar rich sap
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How can aphids be destroyed?
Pesticides or biological pest control
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Why do plants need nitrate ions?
To convert sugars made in photosynthesis into proteins for growth
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What happens to a plant with a nitrate deficiency?
It will have stunted growth and won't produce properly
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Why do plants need magnesium ions?
Make chlorophyll
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What happens to a plant with magnesium deficiency?
Leaves go yellow as not enough chlorophyll for photosynthesis
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What is 5he yellowing of leaves due to lack of magnesium called?
Chlorosis
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How can you check for disease in plants?
Take a sample to a lab or use a testing kit with monoclonal antibodies
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What does the cellulose wall do?
Strengthen plant and protects it all
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How does the waxy cuticle protect plant?
Barrier to pathogens
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How does bark on trees and dead cells help protect plant?
Hard for pathogens to penetrate
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How does leaf fall help protect a plant?
Pathogens fall off too
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What else can plants produce?
Antibacterial chemical against pathogens
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How can a plant defend against herbivores?
Poison, thorns, hairy stems, droop when touched, droop to trick into not eating
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are communicable diseases caused by?
Back
Pathogens
Card 3
Front
What are non communicable disease?
Back
Card 4
Front
What else can affect health?
Back
Card 5
Front
What can viruses lead to?
Back
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