A section of DNA that contains instructions for one particular protein.
3 of 23
what are proteins made of?
Amino acids
4 of 23
Describe how the order of bases in a gene determines what protein is made.
the order of the bases tells the cell which order to put the amino acids together.
5 of 23
Where in the cell are genes found?
Nucleus
6 of 23
Where in the cell are proteins made?
In the cell cytoplasm by organelles called ribosomes.
7 of 23
What is messenger RNA used for?
It is used to make a copy of the DNA to get the information from the DNA to the ribosome.
8 of 23
During cell growth does the number of chromosomes double or halve?
Double
9 of 23
What is the name of the cell produced when two gametes combine?
Zygote
10 of 23
In a human embryo, all the cells are undifferentiated until what stage?
The 8 cell stage
11 of 23
How are stem cells in an embryo different from the stem cells in an adult?
They can become any type of cell whereas adult stem cells can only become certain ones.
12 of 23
What determines the type of cell a stem cell becomes?
Stem cells can switch on any gene during their development -the genes that are active determine the type of cell a stem cell specialises into.
13 of 23
Describe how cloning could be used to make embryonic stem cells.
Take an egg cell and remove it's genetic material, remove a nucleus from an adult body cell and insert it into the egg cell. An embryo will form - embryonic stem cells can then be extracted from it.
14 of 23
What name is given to the parts of plants where mitotically active cells are found?
Plant tissues called meristems
15 of 23
Name two types of tissue that unspecialised cells in plants can turn into.
Xylem and phloem
16 of 23
What is a cutting?
A section of a plant that has been removed and can grow into an identical clone of the parent plant.
17 of 23
What do cuttings grow into?
Clones of their parent plant.
18 of 23
Why are cuttings useful?
You can get identical copies of a plant with desirable characteristics.
19 of 23
What can be added to soil to encourage cutting to grow roots?
Rooting powder which contains auxins.
20 of 23
What is phototropism?
Growth towards or away from light.
21 of 23
Are shoots negatively or positively phototropic?
Positively - they grow towards the light.
22 of 23
Explain how auxins cause plant shoots to grow towards the light.
When a shoot tip is exposed to light, more auxins accumulate on the side that's in the shade making the cells grow faster on the shaded side, so the shoot grows towards the light.
23 of 23
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Which bases always pair together?
Back
A-T and G-C
Card 3
Front
What is a gene?
Back
Card 4
Front
what are proteins made of?
Back
Card 5
Front
Describe how the order of bases in a gene determines what protein is made.
Comments
No comments have yet been made