B4 - The Processes of Life

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  • Created by: sophie99
  • Created on: 29-01-14 14:49
What is the function of the nucleus?
It contains DNA which contains the instructions for making proteins.
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Its where proteins like enzymes are made. Some enzyme-controlled reactions take place in the cytoplasm.
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out. It lets gases and water pass through freely while acting as a barrier to other chemicals.
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What is the function of mitochondria?
These are where the enzymes needed for the reactions of aerobic respiration are found, and where the reactions take place.
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Name three things that plant cells have and animal cells don't.
Rigid cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts.
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Yeast cells have mitochondria and a nucleus. True or false?
True.
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What type of cells have a cell wall but no nucleus?
Bacterial cells.
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Give a definition of an enzyme.
Enzymes are proteins that speed up reactions.
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Describe the 'lock and key' model.
Enzymes usually only speed up one reaction. This is because, for an enzyme to work, a substrate has to be the correct shape to fit into the active site.
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Name two things that affect how quickly an enzyme works.
Temperature and pH.
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What is a denatured enzyme?
This is where the shape of the enzyme's active site changes and so the substrate no longer fits which means the enzyme won't work any more.
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Name three things that the energy released by respiration is used for.
Movement, active transport and synthesis of large molecules.
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What type of respiration, aerobic or anaerobic, releases more energy per glucose molecule?
Anaerobic respiration.
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Anaerobic respiration releases energy. What else does it produce in animal cells?
Lactic acid.
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Anaerobic respiration releases energy. What else does it produce in yeast cells?
Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide.
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Briefly describe how bread is made using yeast.
The yeast ferment the carbohydrates in the flour and release carbon dioxide - this causes the bread to rise.
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Briefly describe the process of photosynthesis.
Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, a green substance found in chloroplasts in some plant cells and algae Absorbed light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide (from the air) and water (from the soil) into a sugar called glucose Oxygen is rele
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Give three main ways plants use glucose.
Respiration, to make chemicals for growth and sore it as starch.
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Name three factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis.
Amount of light, amount of CO2 and temperature.
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Describe how to take a transect.
Run a tape measure from one end of the transect and collect the data you want. Then move along the transect and collect the data again. Keep collecting data and moving until you reach the end of the transect.
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Describe how you might use a quadrat when investigating plants.
You can estimate the percentage cover of a plant species on the ground by counting how much of the quadrat is covered by the species - you count a square if it's more than half-covered.
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What is an identification key?
It's a series of questions that you can use to figure out what a plant is.
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Give a definition of diffusion.
Diffusion is the passive overall movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration.
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Give two examples of chemicals that can move in or out of leaf cells by diffusion.
CO2 and O2.
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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the overall movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
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Card 2

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What is the function of the cytoplasm?

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Its where proteins like enzymes are made. Some enzyme-controlled reactions take place in the cytoplasm.

Card 3

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What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

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Card 4

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What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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Name three things that plant cells have and animal cells don't.

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oyemenokes

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Question 13's answer should be aerobic respiration it is 19 times more efficient than anaerobic respiration

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