B4

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What is photosynthesis
a process in which green plants produce their own food using sunlight
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what is respiration
a process in which all organisms release energy from food
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what are enzymes
chemicals that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. they are protiens
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enzymes work on chemicals, what are they called
substrates
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enzymes produce chemicals in the reaction, what are they called
products
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what is the active site
the part on an enzyme where the substrate fits into
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what is the lock and key model of an enzyme reaction
the substrate molecules lock into the active site and take part in a chemical reaction where product molecules are released
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what is the optimum temp for most enzymes and why
37 degrees C, because it is the average body temp for most animals and birds
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what can enzymes be stopped/affected by
temperature and pH levels
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why do high temperatures denature the enzyme
the high temp increases the reaction and changes the shape of the active site
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what is the world equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen
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how is the sunlight absorbed in photosynthesis
by the green chemical chlorophyll which is found in structures in the cell called chloroplasts
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where are chloroplasts found
in parts of the plants that are exposed to sunlight
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what things can glucose be used for
used in. respiration, convert into chemicals for growth such as protiens or chlorophyll, can turn into starch forenergy
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what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H1206 + 6O2
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what is the cell surrounded by and what does it do
cell membrane, it controls what leaves and enters the cell
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what is the cytoplasm
where most of the chemical reactions take place in the cell
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in plants cells, what is the cell wall made of
cellulose
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where is DNA found
in the nucleus
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where is mitochondria found and what does it do
found in the cytoplasm, it contains enzymes needed for energy release in anaerobic respiration
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what is diffusion
the movement of chemicals from a high to low concentration
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what does it mean if diffusion is 'passive'
it just happens and requires no energy
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what is osmosis
a special kind of diffusion involving water, the movement of water from a high concentration to a low
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when does osmosis happen
when chemicals are separated by a partially permeable membrane EG. the cell membrane lets water pass through but not other chemicals
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where does osmosis happen in plants
water going into the roots from the soil
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what is active transport
the movement of chemicals across cell membranes using energy from respiration
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why can't nitrates be taken into the plant roots by diffusion
nitrates are usually a higher concentration in plant cells than the soil
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how are nitrates taken into root cells
active transport
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what three factors effect the rate of photosynthesis
temp, carbon dioxide and light intensity
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what happens to the rate of photosynthesis if carbon dioxide levels or light intensity is increased
the rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off
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what is a limiting factor
something that limits the rate, often shown where the graph levels off
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what happens to the rate of photosynthesis if the temperature increases
it increases to a point and then decreases due to temp having an effect on the enzyme activity
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when investigating the effects of light intensity on plant growth, what three things do ecologists need to do
use an identification key, measure how common the plants are, use a light metre to measure the light intensity
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what do ecologists have to measure
the abundance and distribution of plants in different locations in an area, and in different areas
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what do ecologists do rather than counting every plant in the area
use a metal/wooden frame on the floor, size depending on size of the plant. it is placed on the ground numerous times to get an average, and placed in random areas to check the change in distribution of plants
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why may there be a correlation in the distance from a tree/bush/hedge and the growth of other plants
trees/bushes/hedges can cast shade on an area, reducing light intensity from surrounding plants
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what chemical is used for respiration
glucose
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what is respiration using oxygen called
Aerobic respiration
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what is the word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy
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what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY (ATP)
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what is anaerobic respiration
respiration when an organism has a low concentration of oxygen
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where does aerobic respiration occur
animal, plant cells and microorganisms
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where does anaerobic respiration occur
human muscle cells during exercise, plant roots in waterlogged soil, bacteria in deep wounds
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what is different about the products of anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration
aerobic respiration releases much more energy
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what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose > lactic acid + ENERGY
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what is fermentation
a type of anaerobic respiration used by some microorganisms
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what do some microorganisms, such as yeast, produce due to fermentation
ethanol, which is an alcohol
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why is yeast important
the production of bread, wine and alcohol
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what is the word equation for fermentation
glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is respiration

Back

a process in which all organisms release energy from food

Card 3

Front

what are enzymes

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

enzymes work on chemicals, what are they called

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

enzymes produce chemicals in the reaction, what are they called

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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