B3.3
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- Created by: ellaj03
- Created on: 30-01-17 16:48
What are the two poisonous waste products that are removed from our body?
Carbon Dioxide and Urea
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Where does Urea come from?
The liver converts excess amino acids into urea.
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Why is Carbon Dioxide dangerous?
When large amounts of carbon dioxide are dissolved this produces acidic solutions that can affect enzymes.
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How does Urea leave the body?
It is filtered out of the blood by kidneys, then it is stored in the bladder before being excreted in urine.
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How does Carbon dioxide leave the body?
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs through the alveoli, then we breathe it out in respiration.
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What is Homeostasis? What does it control?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment. It controls temperature, water concentration and glucose levels.
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Where is the thermoregulatory centre located? What does it do?
The thermoregulatory centre is located in your brain and it monitors your temperature.
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How does the thermoregulatory centre work?
It receives impulses from the skin about temperature change and has receptors in the brain that detect the temperature of the blood that flows through the brain.
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What is the optimum body temperature? Why?
37°C is the optimum body temperature because it is the optimum temperature for the enzymes in your body, at other temperatures the enzymes can become denatured.
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What does your body do when you are hot? (3)
Hairs lie flat, sweat is produced by glands and blood vessels dilate.
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Why do blood vessels dilate?
Blood vessels dilate so more blood flows closer to the skin, making it easier for heat to transfer from blood to the environment.
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Why do we sweat?
When sweat evaporates it uses energy therefore cooling our skin.
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What does our body do when we are cold? (4)
Hairs stand up, no sweat is produced, blood vessels constrict and we shiver?
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Why do our hairs stand up?
Our hairs stand up to trap a layer of insulating air on the surface of the skin.
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Why do we shiver?
When we are shivering our muscles are contracting which means respiration therefore releasing energy.
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Why do blood vessels constrict?
Blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow therefore reducing heat loss to the environment.
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How is water lost from the body? (3)
Water is lost through sweat, urine and breathing.
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What organ controls ion levels in your blood? Which ions do they control? (3)
The Kidney controls the levels of Potassium, Sodium and Chloride in the blood.
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What organ controls the concentration of glucose in the blood?
The pancreas
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Which two hormones are involved in controlling glucose levels?
Insulin and Glucagon
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What happens if the concentration of glucose in the blood is too high?
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas which causes the liver to store some glucose as glycogen.
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What happens if the concentration of glucose in the blood is too low?
Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas which causes the liver to release stored glycogen as glucose.
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What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 Diabetes is when a persons pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin.
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What is the solution to Type 1 Diabetes?
The individual can limit their intake of sugar rich foods, do regular exercise and/or inject insulin into the blood. Another alternative is to have a pancreas transplant.
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What are the advantages of having a pancreas transplant?
The individual would no longer have to inject their body with insulin or monitor their diet and exercise as closely.
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What are the disadvantages of a pancreas transplant?
Your body may reject the organ which means you will have to take costly immunosuppressive drugs which can have serious side effects.
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What do your kidneys do?
Your kidneys remove urea from your blood, adjust water content and adjust ion content.
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How do your kidneys work? (Filtration)
A high blood pressure is built up squeezing water, urea, ions and sugar out of the blood into the bowman's capsule. The membranes between the blood and bowman's capsule act as a filter ensuring protein molecules and red blood cells stay in the blood.
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How do your kidneys work? (Reabsorption)
As the blood flows through the nephron useful substances are reabsorbed, all the sugar and a sufficient amount of ion and water molecules.
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How do your kidneys work? (Removal of waste)
Remaining substances (urea0 continue out of the nephron into the ureter and down the bladder as urine.
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How are people with kidney failure kept alive?
People with kidney failure either have a transplant or use a dialysis machine.
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What are the advantages of having a kidney transplant?
Kidney transplants are cheaper than dialysis and enable the patient to lead a normal life.
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What are the disadvantages of having a kidney transplant?
There are very long waiting lists and your body may reject the transplanted kidney (attacked by antibodies) this means drugs have to be taken that weaken your immune system making you more vulnerable to other illnesses.
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How many kidneys do we have? How many do we need?
We have two kidneys but can live with one so people still living are able to donate a kidney.
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How does a dialysis machine work?
Dialysis machines take blood from your body and pass it through a selectively permeable barrier with dialysis fluid, therefore filtering the blood.
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What are the disadvantages of Dialysis?
Dialysis is expensive, takes lot's of time and isn't a pleasant experience.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Where does Urea come from?
Back
The liver converts excess amino acids into urea.
Card 3
Front
Why is Carbon Dioxide dangerous?
Back
Card 4
Front
How does Urea leave the body?
Back
Card 5
Front
How does Carbon dioxide leave the body?
Back
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