Biology Extension Revision Questions

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Which process describes the removal of urea from the blood by the kidneys?
Excretion
1 of 47
Name the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder
Ureter
2 of 47
What happens to the blood when it enters the glomerulus and the pressure increases/
Ultrafiltration
3 of 47
Name four substances that are filtered from the blood
glucose, water, salts and urea
4 of 47
How and where is glucose returned t the blood?
Selective reabsorption in the proximal tubule
5 of 47
Why are proteins not filtered from the blood?
Proteins are too big
6 of 47
Which process controls the balance of salts/water in the blood?
Osmoregulation
7 of 47
Where is ADH produced in the body?
Posterior pituitary gland
8 of 47
What does ADH stand for?
Anti-diuretic hormone
9 of 47
Which part of the tubule helps the reabsorption of water from the collecting duct?
Loop of Henle
10 of 47
What happens to the volume of urine if more ADH is secreted?
Volume of urine decreases
11 of 47
Name the control process involved when a rise in a variable causes changes that reverse the rise
Negative Feedback
12 of 47
If you drink a litre of water what will happen to the amount of ADH released?
Less ADH
13 of 47
Name the artificial process used to filter the blood in patients with kidney failure
Dialysis
14 of 47
Why does the tissue type of a kidney from a donor have to closely match that of the patient?
So it will not be rejected
15 of 47
Which is bigger a sperm cell or egg cell (ovum)?
Egg cell (ovum)
16 of 47
What is the function of the flagellum in the sperm cell?
Help it swim to the egg
17 of 47
What does the acrosome contain and why is this important?
Digestive enzyme to break down the egg membrane
18 of 47
What is the significance of the chromosome number in the nuclei of sprerm and egg cells?
Chromosome number is half i.e. haploid
19 of 47
Why is the cytoplasm of the egg cell so much bigger than that of the sperm cell?
Cytoplasm contains a large food reserve
20 of 47
Why does the membrane of an egg cell change after the entry of a sperm cell?
Membrane becomes a barrier to prevent entry of more sperm
21 of 47
What is the function of mitochondria in a sperm cell?
They respire to release energy for movement
22 of 47
What effect does progesterone have on the uterus?
Progesterone maintains the lining
23 of 47
Name the process by which the uterus lining breaks down with the loss of blood
Menstruation
24 of 47
What effect does oestrogen have on the uterus?
Oestrogen repairs the lining
25 of 47
Where are FSH and LH made?
The pituitary gland
26 of 47
What effects does FSH have on the ovary?
FSH stimulates the release of oestrogen and the development of the follicle containing the egg
27 of 47
Oestrogen stimulates the release of LH from the ovary, what is the peak in LH at days 11-14 associated with?
Ovulation, the release of an egg
28 of 47
What effect does progesterone have on the production of FSH and LH?
Progesterone inhibits LH and FSH
29 of 47
As progesterone levels decrease what happens to the lining of the uterus?
The lining is shed
30 of 47
The contraceptive pill contains progesterone, how does this help to avoid becoming pregnant?
Progesterone inhibits FSH so no eggs are made
31 of 47
Which process controls the levels of hormones in the blood?
Negative feedback
32 of 47
State two disadvantages of fertility treatments such as IVF
Multiple births, abdominal pain, lack of success, cost
33 of 47
Which two hormones must a woman receive if her eggs are to be removed before IVF?
FSH and LH
34 of 47
Name the sex chromosomes found in males and females
Males are XY and females are **
35 of 47
What is the probability that a sperm cell will carry a Y chromosome?
50%
36 of 47
If their first child is a boy, what is the probability that the next child will be a girl?
50%
37 of 47
What term describes genes that are carried on the X chromosome?
Sex linked
38 of 47
Haemophilia is caused by a recessive allele (h). What would be the phenotype of these: XhXH, XHY, XHXh, XhY
normal female, normal male, female carrier, haemophiliac male
39 of 47
Bacteria grow very quickly, which process involves heating bacteria to 70 degrees?
Pasteurisation
40 of 47
Why is milk treated this way?
to kill harmful bacteria
41 of 47
Resazurin dye is blue in the presence of oxygen and colours when there is no oxygen. Which process uses up oxygen?
respiration
42 of 47
Name the proteins produced by B lymphocytes in response to an antigen
antibodies
43 of 47
Why does the first infection by a pathogen make somebody have the symptoms of the disease?
Antibody production is slow so bacteria multiply quickly
44 of 47
What happens to some B lymphocytes after an infection is finished?
They become memory B lymphocytes
45 of 47
How doe these cells help the response to a second infection of the same disease?
secondary response is faster
46 of 47
How does antibody production change upon a repeated infection?
more antibodies are produced
47 of 47

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder

Back

Ureter

Card 3

Front

What happens to the blood when it enters the glomerulus and the pressure increases/

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name four substances that are filtered from the blood

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How and where is glucose returned t the blood?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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