B2 revision

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Name three antimicrobials
Bacteria, fungi and viruses
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What is the immune system?
Microorganisms get into the body and immune system fights them off
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What does white blood cell do?
Makes antigens - 1. Antigens are markers on surface of microorganism 2. Wbc produce antibodies 3. Antibodies lock to antigens 4. Microorganisms clump so that wbc can digest them
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What are antigens?
Unique markers
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Define mutate
Randomly genetically change
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What is a blind trial?
Patient doesn't know which drug but doctor does
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What is a double blind trial?
Neither doctor nor patient know
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What is a open label trial?
Both doctor and patient know what drug
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What is a long term trial?
Important to ensure no harmful side effects to make sure treatment continues
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Why is the heart called a double pump?
Pumps blood from right side to lungs and left side to rest of body
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What does the heart provide the body with?
Nutrients and oxygen - also removes waste
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What are three main blood vessels?
Arteries, veins and capillaries
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What do the arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart towards the organs. Substances cant pass through
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Structure of an artery?
Thick, elastic , muscular wall to cope with high pressure, narrow lumen
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What is the function of the veins?
Carry blood from organs back to the heart. Substances cant pass through
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Structure of a vein?
Vein has a thinner wall than artery and has less elastic muscular fibre due to low pressure, wide lumen
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What is the function of the capillaries?
Carry blood between arteries and veins
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What is the structure of the capillaries?
Narrow vessel, single layer of cells, narrow lumen
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What is heart disease usually caused by?
Lifestyle - genetic factors
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What are the precautions against heart disease?
Dont smoke/drink, exercise regularly, reduce salt intake
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What does the higher number represent? (blood pressure)
When the heart is contracting
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What does the lower number represent? (blood pressure)
When the heart is relaxing
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What is water gained from?
Food, drinks, respiration
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What is water lost from?
Sweating, breathing, urine and excretion
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What is homeostasis?
Maintain stability of environment of the body
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What is the hormone that controlls the concentration of urine?
Anti-duretic hormone
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Where is the hormone released?
Pituitary gland
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What happens when blood water levels become too high?
1. Receptors in hypothalamus detect decrease in salt. No stimulus sent 2. Less ADH secreted 3. Kidneys become less permeable, less water reabsorbed 4. Bladder fills with large quantity of dilute urine
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What happens when blood water levels become too low?
1. Receptors in hypothalamus detect increase in salt, stimulus sent to pituitary gland 2. More ADH secreted into blood 3. Kidneys becomre more permeable, so more water is reabsorbed 4. Bladder fills with small quantity of concentrated urine
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the immune system?

Back

Microorganisms get into the body and immune system fights them off

Card 3

Front

What does white blood cell do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are antigens?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define mutate

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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