B1.2 coordination and control

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What allows your body to know what is going on around it?
Your nervous system
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What is an impulse?
An electrical signal
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What is the scientific word for changes in the world around you, and what cells pick them up?
Stimuli; receptor cells
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Where are receptor cells usually found? Give an example
Sense organs such as your eyes
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What are neurons and what are large bundles of them called?
Cells which carry impulses; nerves
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What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain + spinal cord
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What is the role of a sensory neuron?
To carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS
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What is the role of a motor neuron?
To carry impulses from the CNS to the effector organ(s)
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What is it called when you react to a stimulus without thinking and what is this for?
A reflex - for avoiding harm/danger or for basic bodily functions
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What 3 types of neuron are involved in a reflex action, and which is found in you CNS?
Sensory, motor and relay (CNS)
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Briefly describe a reflex arc
Stimulus --> receptor--> coordinator --> effector --> response
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What is a synapse?
A junction between nerves
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What is the difference between normal response and a reflex response?
In a reflex action, the coordinator is a relay neuron compared to the CNS
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What are hormones?
Chemical substances, secreted by glands and tranported in the bloodstream, that coordinate many bodily functions
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What is FSH? Where is it made?
A hormone which makes eggs mature in the ovaries and stimulates oestrogen, secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain
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What does oestrogen do and where is it made?
Oestrogen is made and secreted by the ovaries to stimulate the womb lining to build up, and limits FSH production
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What does LH do?
Stimulates the release of a mature egg
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What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
28 days
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What do oral contraceptive pills contain? How do they work?
Female hormones - progesterone + oestrogen to inhibit FSH production so no eggs mature
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What might happen if someone forgot to take their contraceptive pill?
Unexpected egg release
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What was the problem with the first birth control pills?
Just large amounts of oestrogen --> serious side effects
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What can artificial FSH be used for?
Helping some infertile women
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What does IVF stand for?
In vitro fertilisation
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What happens is the fallopian tubes are damaged?
Eggs can't reach the womb
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How does IVF help women with damaged fallopian tubes?
Eggs are fertilised in a lab, then placed in the womb, bypassing the fallopian tubes
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What are the negatives of IVF?
Expensive, intrusive, and it doesn't always work
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What are the conditions inside your body known as?
Your internal environment
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What does homeostasis involve?
Keeping your internal environment constant, by using your nervous system, hormone system and many organs
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What happens if too much water moves in or out of your cells?
They can be damaged of destroyed
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How do you lose water from your body?
Breathe out; sweat; urine
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Where is urine made?
In your kidneys?
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How do you lose salt from your body?
In your sweat and urine
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How is the concentration of urine controlled?
Nerves and hormones
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What temperature must you keep your core? Why?
37 degrees C - this is the temperature at which you enzymes work best
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What happens a few degrees above optimum?
Your enzymes and cells don't work/become denatured - you may die of hear stroke and exhaustion
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What is it called when your body temperature drop below 35 degrees C?
Hypothermia
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What keeps your blood glucose levels constant despite what you eat?
Hormones made in the pancreas
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What are plants sensitive to?
Light, water and gravity
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Where do plant roots need to grow? Therefore, what are they sensitive to?
Down and towards moisture - so they are sensitive to gravity and water
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Where do plant shoots need to grow? What are they sensitive to?
Upwards, towards the light for photosynthesis - so they're sensitive to light and gravity
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What controls plant responses to light, water and gravity
The hormone auxin
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What is phototropism?
Plant response to light
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What happens to a shoot's auxin when it has light on just one side?
Auxin moves to the unlit side, so the cells reproduce and grow more, and the plant bends towards the light
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What is gravitropism/geotropism?
Plant response to gravity
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Describe the difference between the effects of auxin in roots and shoots regarding gravitropism
Roots grow more with less auxin, shoots grow less
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How can plant hormones be used artificially
Grow better crops/manage crops as weed killers
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One advantage and one disadvantage of using plant hormones as weed killers:
+ can kill weeds meaning more crop - can injure people
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is an impulse?

Back

An electrical signal

Card 3

Front

What is the scientific word for changes in the world around you, and what cells pick them up?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where are receptor cells usually found? Give an example

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are neurons and what are large bundles of them called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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