B1.2

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  • B1.2
    • Nerves and hormones
      • the nervous system enables humans to react to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour
        • receptors are cells that detect stimuli
        • there are 5 sense organs and they detect different stimuli
          • eyes = light
          • ears = sound, position and keep balance
          • tongue = chemicals in food and drink
          • nose = chemicals in the air
          • skin = touch, pain, pressure, temperture
      • light receptor cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane
      • information from receptors passes along neurones to nerves to the brain
        • the brain coordinates the response
      • reflex actions are automatic and rapid
    • control in the human body
      • water content of the body is controlled
        • water leaves the body via the lungs when we breath out and via the skin when we sweat. excess water is lost through the kidneys in the urine
      • ion content is controlled
        • ions are lost via the skin when we sweat and excess ions are lost via the kidneys in the urine
      • temperature is controlled
        • to maintain the temperature at which enzymes work best
      • blood sugar levels are controlled
        • to provide the cells with a constant supply of energy.
    • Control in Plants
      • plants are sensitive to light moisture and gravity.
        • their shoots grow towards light and against gravity.
        • their roots grow towards moisture and with gravity
      • plats to produce auxin which controls phototropism and gravitropism
      • the response of plant roots and shoots to light, gravity and moisture air the results of unequal distribution of hormones causing unique growth rates
      • plant growth hormones are used in agriculture and horticulture as weed killers and as rooting hormones.

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