B1
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- Created by: toriibrunton
- Created on: 03-05-17 19:11
What does a gene do
Carries instructions to control how proteins develop in the body
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what is a gene
a small section of DNA
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what is DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
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What is a chromosome
A length of DNA in a coil, packed into a structure
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How many chromosomes are in the human body
23 pairs, a total of 46
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two types of proteins
FUNTIONAL- how the body functions, eg enzymes and hormones. STRUCTURAL- the bodies structure, eg collagen and keratin
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What are characteristics controlled by
Genes and/or the environment
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what is variation
differences in genes producing differenced in people (eg, genes from both parent so we are not identical but similar)
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What is Genotype
genetic makeup, characteristics such as dimples, written as DD
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what is Phenotype
observable physical features like build
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How do twins occur
When a fertilised egg splits in two
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How many chromosomes does an egg cell have
23 pairs
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how many chromosomes does a sperm cell have
23 pairs
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How is a mutation caused
a change in DNA
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What mutation is down syndrome
when one person have an extra chromosome
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What are alleles
different forms of genes
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define homozygous
two alleles of a gene are identical
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define heterosygous
two alleles of a gene are different
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what is a dominant allele
this allele forms the characteristic to show, and is written in uppercase letters
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what is a recessive allele
this allele only shows the characteristic if there is two of them, and is written with lowercase letters
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what is a punnet square
genetic diagram
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what is a punnet square used for
to show the probability of offspring having certain features
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what chromosomes do females have
X only
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what chromosomes do males have
half X and half Y
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What gene is the sex-determining one
the Y chromosome
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name a sex linked disease
haemophilia (blood-clotting disease)
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how do sex linked diseases happen
a defective gene; if the X chromosome has no matching alleles with the Y
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How are disorders caused
by a faulty allele
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Describe Huntingtons disease
A dominant disease. causes uncontrollable shaking, memory loss, lack of concentration and mood changes
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describe cystic fibrosis
a recessive disease. causes breathing problems and chest infections, liquid in the lungs and difficult digestion.
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what is genetic screening
used to check for a particular disorder, even with no history of it in the family
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what is genetic testing
used to look for a genetic disease when one runs in the family
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name an ethical issues with genetic testing
whether you should tell your employed/family/insurance company
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name 3 risks of genetic testing during pregnancy
1% of babies are miscarried due to genetic testing. the results are not always 100% accurate. families may want an abortion.
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what is a clone
an individual with identical genes to another
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name one way clones are formed
bacteria and plants when they reproduce asexually
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name an advantage of asexual reproduction
useful for plants/animals in isolation
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name a disadvantage of asexual reproduction
no genetic variation, population could be wiped out easily due to a disease etc
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Explain Dolly the Sheep
nucleus from a body cell extracted > inserted into an egg cell with nucleus removed > embryo then planted into surrogate mother
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what is differentiation
an embryo developing from a single cell then dividing over and over, to produce cells specialised to do different jobs
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why do embryonic stem cells have more potential
they are unspecialised. adult stem cells can only treat various
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reasons for collecting stem cells in medical procedures
testing new dugs. understanding and studies. renewing damaged cells such as parkinsons and alzheimers
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is a gene
Back
a small section of DNA
Card 3
Front
what is DNA
Back
Card 4
Front
What is a chromosome
Back
Card 5
Front
How many chromosomes are in the human body
Back
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