Atomic Structure and Bonding

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  • Created by: KingOlir
  • Created on: 29-04-17 12:57
What is an element?
A substance that only contains one type of atom. For example, pure diamond is an element because it only contains Carbon atoms
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What are the three parts of an atom?
Protons, Electrons and Neutrons
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Which parts of the atom are found in the nucleus?
Protons and Neutrons
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What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
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What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
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What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
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What is the relative mass of a proton or a neutron?
1
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What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/2000
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How are the atoms kept electrically stable?
The protons and electrons cancel each other out
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What is the relationship between the amount of protons and the amount of electrons in an atom?
They are the same
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Where are the electrons in the atom?
In shells (energy levels) around the nucleus
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Does an electron on the inner shell (energy level) of an atom have more energy than one on the outer shell?
No, the more shells (energy levels) away from the nucleus an electron is, the more energy it has
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What is the Relative Atomic Mass of an atom?
It is the mass of an atom (compared to a Carbon atom), and is usually the sum of the amount of protons and neutrons
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What is the Atomic Number of an atom?
It is the amount of protons (and by extension electrons) in the atom. Each element has its own atomic number
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Up to the third shell (energy level) and only up to calcium, how many electrons can be kept on each shell?
The first shell (energy level) holds up to two electrons; the second shell holds up to eight electrons; the third shell holds up to eight electrons
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The group number of an element is the same as...
The amount of electrons on the outer shell (energy level)
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The period number of an element is the same as...
The amount of shells (energy levels) it uses to hold all of its electrons
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What is an isotope?
Atoms of an element which have the normal amount of protons and electrons but different amounts of neutrons
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What is an ion?
An atom/molecule/compound that has a charge due to a loss or gain of electrons
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What are the names for positive and negative ions?
Positive ions are called cations; Negative ions are called anions
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What is the relationship between the charge an atom would gain once ionised and its group number?
If an atom were to gain positive charge, the group number signifies the amount of charge. If it were to gain a negative charge, the charge would be the group number subtracted from 8
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What happens to the names of non-metal atoms that become negatively charged?
The end of the name becomes -ide. E.g. Oxygen atom turns into Oxide ion
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What happens when atoms are ionically bonded?
They exchange electrons. The outer shell electrons from the positive ion go to and fill the outer shell of the negative ion. This causes an electrostatic attraction between the atoms
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What charge do most transition metals get when ionised?
They usually get a charge of 2+ but it is rare to see otherwise
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What are the transition metals which do not always gain a charge of 2+?
Silver always gains a charge of 1+ and Iron can sometimes be 3+. It is usually indicated by the roman numerals II or III
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What is covalent bonding?
Where atoms share pairs of electrons
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What keeps the covalently bonded atoms together?
An electrostatic attraction between the shared electrons and the positively charged nuclei of the atoms
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What is the term for covalently bonded atoms?
Molecule
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What is the relationship between the amount of electrons an atom shares and the group number?
All of the atoms in group 7 share one electron; all of the atoms in group 6 share two; all of the atoms in group 5 share three etc.
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What type of atom cannot covalently bond?
Metal ions
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What is metallic bonding?
An electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions and a 'sea of delocalised electrons'
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In which type of bonding is the attraction not between atoms?
Metallic bonding
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What is a mixture?
A substance containing more than one atom with no chemical bonds between atoms/compounds. E.g. air
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What is a compound?
Two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together. E.g. HCl, MgO
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Can molecules be ionised?
Yes, but not all of them and only in solutions. E.g. HCl (Hydrochloric acid) gains a charge of 1-
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the three parts of an atom?

Back

Protons, Electrons and Neutrons

Card 3

Front

Which parts of the atom are found in the nucleus?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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