Argument which draws conclusions based on observation through experience
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What is natural theology
Draws conclusions about the nature/activity of God by using reason and observations of the world
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What is the principle of sufficient reason
The principle that states everything must have a reason to explain it
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What is Ockham's razor
The principle that says the best explanation is usually the one which requires few extra assumptions
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What is the Anthropic principle
The principle that states that the universe is fine-tuned for human life to exist and it more likely a result of deliberate design rather than chance
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What does Aquinas use to conclude that God exists
The 5 ways
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Which of Aquinas' 5 ways agues the Teleological argument
5th Way
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What was Aquinas' book and example for the Teleological argument
Summa Theologica + example of an arrow heading for a target
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What is the teleological main criticism (argued by an alternative theory)
Darwin's theory of evolution + natural selection
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What book does Paley argue his design argument in
Natural theology
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What is Paley's analogy of the watch
If you were to find a watch on a heath, one would conclude it must have been designed for all the clockwork to work in an orderly/peaceful manner
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What does Paley argue from his watch analogy
The world has order and purpose which is seen in the nature around us (e.g, structure of animals/ plants). It all must be designed by a designer = God
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Which of Aquinas' 5 ways argue the Cosmological argument
1st, 2nd & 3rd way
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What does Aquinas' 1st way argue
We observe motion and change in the world, there must be an unmoved mover who put everything in motion = God
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What does Aquinas' 2nd way argue
There are chains of cause & effect in the world, so there must be an uncaused causer who gave everything its cause = God
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What does Aquinas' 3rd way argue
Everything in the universe depends on something for its existence, so there must be something that does not depend on anything else in order to have started the world- The necessary being must be God
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In what book does Hume use to write his criticisms for the Cosmological argument
Dialogues concerning natural religion
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What does Hume say about Paley's watch analogy
= weak. The world is more like an organism (e.g, carrot) than a machine
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What does Hume argue
Just as something in the universe has a cause does not mean everything does + order in the world does not mean someone had chose to design it that way.
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What does Hume conclude about God
It may not be the judeo-christian God/ a God who arrived at this design might have done so after countless mistakes/ it could be a committee of gods,angels or devils
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is natural theology
Back
Draws conclusions about the nature/activity of God by using reason and observations of the world
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