Arguments based on observation

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What is a posteriori argument?
An argument which uses sense experience to draw conclusions about which explanation provides the best fit.
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What kind of arguments depend entirely on reasoning and logic?
A priori arguments.
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What is 'natural theology'?
Attempts to use human reason to work out truths about God.
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Why are design arguments often called 'teleological'?
Because they look at the end results (the world) to draw conclusions about God.
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Who used the example of an arrow heading for a target to illustrate his teleological argument?
Aquinas.
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What was the name of the book in which Paley set out his teleological argument?
Natural Theology.
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What did Paley think was evidence that God must not only exist but must also care for us?
He thought the care and detail that God put into creation shows how much he cares for us.
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Which philosopher argued that there must be a 'sufficient reason' to account for the existence of the universe?
Gottfried Leibniz.
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What did Hume think of the analogy between the universe and a watch?
He thought that it was a weak analogy and that the world is not much like a watch.
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Hume suggests that the world might not have been made by the Christian God but that there are other possible explanations. What other possibilities does he offer?
It might have come about by chance, or the universe might be its own cause. It might have been made by a stupid God, or one copying ideas from another, or a committee of gods or angels or demons.
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Which principle suggests that the best explanations demand the fewest assumptions?
Ockham's razor.
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What does the 'anthropic principle' mean.
It is the principle that says the universe seems to be perfectly fine-tuned for the existence of human life.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What kind of arguments depend entirely on reasoning and logic?

Back

A priori arguments.

Card 3

Front

What is 'natural theology'?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why are design arguments often called 'teleological'?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who used the example of an arrow heading for a target to illustrate his teleological argument?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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