What is the function of the Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)?
Performs arithmetic, logical and shift operations on data
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What is the function of the Control Unit?
Coordinates the activity of all other components in the CPU (using the regular pulse from the clock)
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What is the function of the Clock?
Outputs a series of regular ON/OFF signals which helps synchronise the other components
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What is the function of the General Purpose Registers?
Stores the result from the ALU
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What is the function of the Program Counter (PC) [Dedicated Register]?
Holds the memory address of the next instruction to be executed
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What is the function of the Current Instruction Register (CIR) [Dedicated Register]?
Holds the current instruction
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What is the function of the Memory Address Register (MAR) [Dedicated Register]?
Holds the address in memory where the processor is required to fetch or store data from or to
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What is the function of the Memory Buffer Register (MBR) [Dedicated Register]?
Temporarily holds data moving between the processor and the main memory
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What is the function of the Status Register (SR)[Dedicated Register]?
Holds information about the current state of operations. It is used to set flags (eg carry or overflow) or to detect error conditions
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What cycle is commonly used to execute instructions within a processor?
Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle
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What are the main features and disadvantages of the von Neumann architecture?
>Shared Program Memory and Data Memory
+Simple and good for embedded systems
-Data can overwrite important programs
-Competition for bus usage
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What are the main features and disadvantages of the Harvard Architecture?
>Seperate Program Memory and Data Memory
+Removes competition for bus usage
+Program length (bits) does not need to equal data length as stored separately
+Good for general purpose machines
-More complex
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What is the function of main memory?
Holds instructions and data for programs
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What is the function of the address bus?
To identify the address of the location in cache or main memory that is to be read from or written to
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What is the function of the data bus?
Carries data between the processor and other components
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What is the function of the control bus?
Carries control signals from the processor to the other components. Also carries the clock's pulses
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What is the function of the I/O controllers?
Connects external input and output devices to the bus system of the processor
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What is immediate addressing? (Opcode)
The operand is the data
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What is immediate addressing? (Opcode)
The operand is the address of the data
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Additionally in this topic is machine-code
The best place to learn what each operation does in machine code is Little Man Computer (LMC)
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What does an interrupt do?
An interrupt stops the fetch-decode-execute (FDE) cycle before the next fetch command. The computer copies the registers to the system stack and deals with the interrupt before returning to the normal FDE cycle.
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How does a barcode scanner function?
-Light shone at the bar code and a moving mirror moves light across the bar code
-Black/White bands reflect different amounts of light
-Light sensor measures amount of reflected light and converts it into an electrical signal
-Data is transmitted as binar
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How does an RFID function?
-RFID scanner transmits signal
-Signal energises RFID tag
-RFID tag transmits data by radio wave
-RFID scanner accepts data
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How does a Laser Printer function?
-Print drum negatively charged
-Printer generates bitmap of page
-Laser beams directed at print drum via a mirror
-Laser removes electric charge on drum where image should be dark
-Toner is negatively charged and transferred from drum to paper
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How does a Digital Camera function?
-Image sensor is a photoelectric device
-CMOS uses transistors to generate binary value
-Large sensors collect more electrons so produce better quality photos
-Colour filter is used to generate data separately for Red Green and Blue components
-Image is r
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Performs arithmetic, logical and shift operations on data
Back
What is the function of the Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)?
Card 3
Front
Coordinates the activity of all other components in the CPU (using the regular pulse from the clock)
Back
Card 4
Front
Outputs a series of regular ON/OFF signals which helps synchronise the other components
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