Which type of bonding involves only non-metal elements?
Covalent
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Which type of bonding involves non-metals and metal elements?
Ionic
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Which type of bonding involves sharing electrons?
Covalent
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Which type of bonding involves giving/gaining electrons?
Ionic
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Why are ionic lattices so strong?
Because each atom is surrounded by atoms of the opposite charge so there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions. Therefore, the atoms are held tightly in place. A lot of energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic forces.
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What is the ratio of Sodium ions : Chlorine? The formula is... NaCl
1:1
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What are three properties of ionic compounds?
They have high melting and boiling points, they dissolve easily in water, and when molten of dissolved, they carry electric current
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What are the elements in groups 6 and 7? Do they give or gain electrons when ionically bonding?
Non-metals, they gain electrons to form negative ions
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What do the halogens (g7) from ions with?
The alkali metals (g1)
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Are covalent bonds strong or weak?
Strong
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Do simple molecular substances conduct electricity - why/why not?
They do not conduct electricity - because there are no ioins to carry electrical charge
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Why do simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?
Because regardless of the covalent bonds being very strong, the intermolecular forces are very weak
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Why do giant covalent structures have high melting points?
Because the covalent bonds that hold atoms together are very string and need a lot of energy to break
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What is the only giant covalent structure to conduct heat and eletcricity?
Graphite
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How many bonds does one carbon atom in diamond create?
4
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Why is diamond so hard and what is it used for?
It's hard because it has string covalent bonds which are difficult to break - it's used in drill tips
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Why is graphite used in pencils?
Because each carbin atom bonds to 3 other atoms, so instead of creating a 3D structure, it creates layers. These layres are held together by weak intermolecular forces which easily slide over each other and onto paper
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Why does graphite conduct heat and electricity when all other non-metals cannot?
Because as each carbon atom bonds to three other atoms, there is one elctron left over (per atom). These free electrons become delocalised and can easily transfer energy throughout the graphite
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Where do the delocalisied electrons in a metal come from?
The outer shells of electrons
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Why do metals have regular structures?
Because the delocalised electrons and metal ions have strong electrostatic forces so the metal is kept in an orderly fashion
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Why can pure metals be easily bent and shaped?
Because they have layer structures where the 'layers'of atoms can easily slide over each other
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What happens when a metal is mixed with another element?
The layers of atoms become distorted so they won't slide, thus making the metal stronger
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What is 'nitinol'?
A shape memory alloy that can be bent but returns to it's original shape whan heated
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What is a nanoparticle?
A really small particle that's about 1-100 nanometres across
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Why are fullrenes so strong?
Because they have convalent bonds that are super strong
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Why might nanoparticles be dangerous for human when used in suncreams?
They can be more easily absorbed into the body and could cause harm
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Why would nanoparticles be useful as catalysts?
Because they have a high surface area to volume ratio
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Why might the nanoparticles' ability to be easily absorbed by the body be a good thing?
Because they can be used to deliver drugs
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What is the use of nanoparticles called?
Nanoscience
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Which type of bonding involves non-metals and metal elements?
Back
Ionic
Card 3
Front
Which type of bonding involves sharing electrons?
Back
Card 4
Front
Which type of bonding involves giving/gaining electrons?
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